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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the probable outcome of a disease
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prognosis
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cause or origin of a disease or abnormalty
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etiology
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describe hypertrophy of the heart
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enlarged heart muscle
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degeneration & wasting of tissue, organs, or muscle due to decrease in cell size
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atrophy
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irreverseable change in cell DNA
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cancer
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T-Lymphocytes - specific or non-specific?
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specific
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what causes the inflammatory process?
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direct damage (cuts, sprains), chemicals, allergic reactions, splinters or dirt
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What does fibrinogen do for us?
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helps with clotting, plasma proteins formed into solid fibrin strands
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Why do you get edema with inflammation?
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shift of proteins/fluid into interstitial space
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process in which neutrophils & macrophages randomly engulf bacteria, cell debris, & foreign material
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phagocytosis
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an above normal level of WBC's in the blood
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leukocytosis
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What causes a fever
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inflammation
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newly developed fragile tissues
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granulation tissue
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Why are glucocorticords used for inflammation?
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they decrease capillary permeability, lover leukocytes at site, & block immune response
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Why happens if steriods are taken for a prolonged amount of time
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atrophy of lymphoid tissues, decrease in WBC's, delayed healing
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2 defense mechanisms of the immune system
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specific & non-specific
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example of non-specific defense mechanism
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skin & mucous membranes
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Components of the immune system are:
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immune cells, WBC's, bone marrow
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what do large phagocytes do?
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engulf foreign material
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What do antigens do?
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monitor self & non-self, trigger a response to non-self material, & develop memory cells
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Characteristics of a benign tumor
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cells appear relitavly normal
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When grading a tumor - what are you grading (at a cellular level)?
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degree of differentation in the cells
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common local effects of an expanding tumor
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obstruction of a tube or duct, cell necrosis, & ulceration
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paranealplastic syndrome is:
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affects of substances such as hormones secreted by tumor cells
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spread of cancer cells to distant sites by blood or lymph (secondary malignant tumor)
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metasis
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why do i stage a tumor at the time of diagnosis?
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determine the best treatment & prognosis
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What kind of cells does radiation therapy destroy?
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primarily rapidly dividing cells
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Most critical adverse effects of chemo & radiation?
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thrombocytopenia & leukopenia
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Why are a combination of chemo drugs administered?
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reduce adverse effects, be effective in more phases of cell cycle
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neutophils are
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WBC's for phagocytosis
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What does anaphalyxis result from?
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hypersensitivity reaction
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Why is anaphalyxis a critial situation
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vasoconstriction, oxygen
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development of antibodies of self antigens
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auto-immune disorder
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What is lupus caused from?
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auto-immune disorder
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Target cells for HIV are called
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helper t-lymphocytes
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HIV is transmitted by:
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blood, semen, & vaginal secretions
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What type of pneumonia do AIDS patients usually get
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pneumocystis carinii
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reativly stable or constant environment within the body (bp, temp, pH)
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homeostasis
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