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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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intracellular fluid is
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45% body weight 75% body water
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extracellular fluid is
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15% body weight 25% body water
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pathology
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study of disease and its causes
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pathophysiology
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study of how diseases alter normal physiology
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atrophy
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the process of decraesing size and increasing effeciency
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hypertrophy
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increase in the size of the cell and its functional mass including an increase in the number of organelles
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hyperplasia
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an increase in the number of cells due to an increase in workload
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metaplasia
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replacement of one type of cell by another type of cell that is not normal for that issue
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intravascular fluid is
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4.5% body weight 7.5% body water
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dysplasia
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change in a cells size, shape or appearance caused by an external stressor
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what % of body weight is water
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0.6
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interstitial
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10.5% body weight 17.5% body water
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hypoxia
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oxygen deficiency
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ischemia
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blockage or reduction of delivery of oxygenated blood to the cells
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anabolism
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constructive phase of metabolism
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catabolism
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destructive phase of metabolism
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what are the formed elements of blood
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erythrocytes-redblood cells leukocytes-white blood cells thrombocytes-platelets
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colloids
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substances such as protiens or starches consisting of large molecules or molecule aggregates that disperse evenly within a liquid without forming a true sulution
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albumin
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a protein in the blood that works to maintain blood volume and pressure which prevents plasma loss from the capillaries
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crystalloids
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substances capable of crystallization. in solution, unlike colloids, they can diffuse through a membrane, such as a capillary wall
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sodium
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most abundant extracellular cation
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tonicity
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solute concentrationor osmotic pressure relative to the blood plasma or body cells
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respiratory acidosis
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acidity caused by abnormal retention of carbon dioxide resulting from impaired vilation
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respiratory alkalosis
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alkalinity caused by excessive elimination of carbon dioxide resulting from increased respirations
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potassium
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most abundant intercellular cation
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what are the mechanisms that maintain hydration
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pituatory gland, salivary flow, kidneys, shifts between spaces, increase thirst
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metabolic acidosis
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acidity caused by an increased in acid often because of increased production of acids durring metabolism or from causes such as vomiting , diarreah, diabetes, or medacation
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what are the s/s of dehydration
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decreased skin turgor increased thirst increased pulse decreased pulse dry skin and membranes
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calcium
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extracellular cation, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, neuromuscular transmission-depolarization
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metabolic alkalosis
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alkalinity caused by an increase in plasma bicarbonate resulting from causes including diuresis, vomiting, or injestion of too much sodium bicarbonate
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chloride
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extracellular, follows sodium, role on kidney function
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normal ph
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7.35 - 7.45
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bicarbonate
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extracellular, weak base, buffer, 20 bicarbonate ions to evry 1 carbonic acid
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normal pao2
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80 - 100 torr
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normal hco3
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22 +/- 4 meq
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phosphate
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intracellular, structural component of bone/teeth, role in renal function
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normal sao2
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97 - 100 torr
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isotonic solution
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tonicity similar to blood, no fluid or electrolyte shift, lactated ringers, normal saline
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hypertonic solution
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solute tonicity higher than cells, fluid in/solutes out, d50w, hco3(bicarb), manitol
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hypertinic solution
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solute tonicity lower than cells, fluid in/solutes out, d5w
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edema
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accumulation of water in the interstitial space, decreased in plasma oncotic force, increase in hydrostatic pressure, increased capillary permiability, lymphatic chanel
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