Pathophysiology

Front 1

Kyphosis

Back 1

Increase posterior curvature of the thoracic spine also known as hunchback

Front 2

Scolosis

Back 2

Spinal column is been abnormally to the side

Front 3

Fractures

Back 3

Simple : no breakage in the skin

Open: skin broken

Commuted (femur): bone is splintered and crushed in several places

Compression: fracture is compressed occurs in the vertebrae

Colles Fracture: fracture occurs near the wrist at the distal end of the radius

Greenstick fracture: occurs in the femur

Front 4

Osteomalacia

Back 4

The adult form of softening of the bone / lack of calcium. ..kids form called rickets

Front 5

Stenosis

Back 5

Narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar spine

Front 6

Bunion

Back 6

Enlargement of the bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe this joint is called metatarsophalangelal

Front 7

What is the extra bone growth called

Back 7

Extosis

Front 8

What is the hallux

Back 8

Great toe

Front 9

What is a valgus

Back 9

Abnormal angulation of the toe

Front 10

What is a bunionectomy

Back 10

Is the removal of the bony aptosis which is associated with soft toe

Front 11

What is carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)

Back 11

The inflammation of the median sensory nerve in the first three fingers and palm

Front 12

What is affected in carpal tunnel syndrom

Back 12

It affects the thumb the index finger the long finger and partial ring finger

Front 13

What ligament is cut in order to fix carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 13

Transverse carpal ligament

Front 14

What nerve is trapped in order to cause carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 14

Median nerve is trapped

Front 15

Herniation of the invertable disc

Back 15

It is the abnormal protrusion of the invertible disk into the spinal nerves or the canal

Front 16

What is the bone in the spinal column that is protruded

Back 16

Lamine bone

Front 17

What are the two different nerve parts

Back 17

Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus pulposus

Front 18

What is the name of the precedures

Back 18

Laminectomy and microdiskectomy

Front 19

What is a rhytidectomy

Back 19

A removal of wrinkles (platysma) muscle around the jaw that sags -under the skin

Front 20

What muscle is cut and made shorter

Back 20

Platysma muscle

Front 21

What is a burn

Back 21

Injury to the tissue caused by heat contact

Front 22

What are the different types of burns

Back 22

1st- superficial epidermal lesions no blisters example of this is sunburn

2nd- partial thickness burn injury the epidermal and the dermal lesions erhythmia blisters hyperesthesia

3rd degree- full thickness burn injury the epidermis is destroyed the dermis on the Subcutanous layers also damaged

Fourth degree- reaches to the muscles and bones

Front 23

Gangrene

Back 23

Death of the tissue associated with loss of blood supply

Front 24

What are the two types

Back 24

Diabetic gangrene caused by diabetes / has no gas

Gas gangrene caused by clostridum perfringens bacteria/ has gas

Front 25

What are Keloids?

Back 25

Are abnormal hypertrophied thickened scars caused by surgery or trauma

Front 26

What is a normal scar called

Back 26

Cicatrix

Front 27

Mohs Surgery

Back 27

Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of resection excussion exclusion to treat basal

Cell carcinomas and other tumors

This is done to see if maignant or not if malignant keep cutting and comparing under microscope to see how deep the cancer goes

Front 28

What is pneumonectomy

Back 28

Cutting out of the whole lung

Front 29

What is pneumothorax

Back 29

The air gathers in the pleural cavity causing the lung to collapse lung cannot fill up with air breathing becomes more difficult

Front 30

What is another name for a collapsed lung and what causes this

Back 30

Atelectasis and pneumothorax

Front 31

What is needed to fix a collapsed lung

Back 31

A pluerovac

Front 32

What is pneumomonia

Back 32

Inflammation of a lung

Front 33

What is a pluemonary abscess

Back 33

A large collection of pus in the lung

Front 34

What is pulmonary edema

Back 34

Fluid in the air sacs and the bronchioles

Front 35

What do we use to stop pulmonary embolisms from occuring

Back 35

We use sequential compression devices

Front 36

What is plueral effusion

Back 36

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the plueral space

Front 37

How do you stop pneumothorax

Back 37

Thoracentesis which is the surgical puncture to remove fluid from the plueral space

Front 38

What is trachetomy

Back 38

Is an incision into the trachea to open it below a blockage

Front 39

What is trachestomy

Back 39

Is an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted

Front 40

What is atherosclerosis

Back 40

Is the hardening of plaque- fat deposits in the wall of the blood vessels which is plaque causes the lumen to narrow slows down the blood supply which causes the patient to become dizzy and causing partial blockage when there is full blockage a heart attack can occur because the artery vessels harden causing the pressure to go up

Front 41

Arrthymia

Back 41

Abnormal heart rhtymn

Front 42

What is the battery used to run artifical pacemaker

Back 42

Lithium battery

Front 43

What is flutter

Back 43

Flutter is the rapid but regular contraction which goes up to 300 beats per minute

Front 44

Fibrillation

Back 44

Is the irregular contraction which is 300 beats per minute or more

Front 45

What is coartion of the aorta

Back 45

Is the narrowing of the aorta

Front 46

What is patient ductus arterosus (PDA)

Back 46

Opened up between two arteries that is open specifically the aorta and the pulmonary artery which should have been closed at birth

Front 47

What is septal defects

Back 47

Is the small holes in the wall between the ventricles hole in the ventricular septum causing blood to flow from left to right into the lungs via the pulmonary artery

Front 48

What is the other heart conditions

Back 48

Pulmomary artery stenosis- is a heart valve disorder in which outflow of the blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonary valve causing a reduction of flow of blood to the lungs

Overriding septal defect- is a congenital heart defect with the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect instead of over the left ventricle the result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle causing a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and thereby reducing the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues

Hypertrophied of the Right ventricle- right ventricular hypertrophy the form of ventricular hypertrophy affecting the right ventricle blood travels through the right ventricle to the lungs of the pulmonary artery if this condition occurs it will decrease pulmonary circulation meaning blood does not flow well from the heart to the lungs extra stress can then be put on the right ventricle this can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy

Ventricular septa defect

Eventual septal defect is a defect in the ventricle septum the wall dividing the left and right ventricle of the heart the ventricle septum consists of an inferior muscle and superior membranous portion and is extensively integrated with conducting cardioomycytes

Tratalogy of fallot

Is the combination of four heart defects it is Present at birth defect makes it difficult for your child to get oxygen to the entire body

Front 49

What is a artery bypass graft from leg

Back 49

Is a procedure used to treat the coronary artery disease in the certain circumstances blood vessels are graphs are used for the bypass procedure may be pieces of veins being taken from the legs or on an artery in the chest at the time in order from the wrist maybe used one end of the graft is attached above the blockage and the other end is attached below the blockage thus the blood is rerouted around or bypasses the blockage through the new grass to reach the heart muscle.

Front 50

What are the veins taken from the leg and the chest that are connected for the cornary artery bypass graph

Back 50

Saphenous vein (leg)

Internal Thorasic artery (chest)

Front 51

What is ischemia

Back 51

Is the partial blockage causing a lack of oxygen making a person crave for oxygen

Front 52

Infarction

Back 52

Heart attack- total blockage myocardial infarction or stemi

Front 53

What is a heart murmur

Back 53

Is an extra heart sound between normal beats

Front 54

What is a normal beats called

Back 54

Lubdub

Front 55

What is abnormal aortic aneurysm

Back 55

widening of atertial walls

Front 56

What is dissecting aortic aneurysms

Back 56

Is the splitting or dissecting of the wall of the aorta caused by blood entering in a tear or hemorrhage within the walls of the vessel repaired by synthetic graph

Front 57

What is veinustatis?

Back 57

Veinustatis blood cant flow properly causing blood flow to slow down which can cause a blood clot