Pathophys Quiz 1

Front 1

HYPOXIA

Back 1

LACK OF OXYGEN;

LEADS TO ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Front 2

Tay-Sachs Disease

Back 2

lipid/carb accumulation;

brain cells turn to fat

Front 3

Endogenous

Back 3

inside body

Front 4

exogenous

Back 4

outside body

Front 5

atrophy

Back 5

decrease in cell size

Front 6

hypertrophy

Back 6

increase in size of cells (workload increases)

normal- muscles

abnormal- heart

Front 7

hyperplasia

Back 7

increase in number of cells;

normal- pregnancy

abnormal- cancer

Front 8

metaplasia

Back 8

cells being replaced by different type of cell

Front 9

dysplasia

Back 9

cells undergone atypical changes

Front 10

apoptosis

Back 10

destroys cells no longer needed (cancer)

Front 11

necrosis

Back 11

cell death in living organ/tissue;

progress into gangrene

Front 12

gangrene

Back 12

considerable mass of tissue undergoes necrosis

Front 13

gene

Back 13

unit of heredity

Front 14

chromosome

Back 14

linear arrangement of genes within cell nucleus

23 pair

Front 15

homozygous

Back 15

possessing pair of identical

Front 16

heterozygous

Back 16

different genes on pair of chromosomes

Front 17

de novo

Back 17

new

Front 18

inherited

Back 18

Mendelian

Front 19

Euploidy

Back 19

46 chromosomes

Front 20

aneuploidy

Back 20

gain or loss of chromosomes

Front 21

Autosomal

Back 21

13, 18, 21

Front 22

autosomal trisomy

Back 22

cell contains one extra copy of any chromosome;

most common

Front 23

autosomal monosomy

Back 23

cell contains 1 copy of any chromosome instead of 2; lethal

Front 24

gynecomastia

Back 24

enlarged male breasts

Front 25

polyploidy

Back 25

>2 sets of chromosome pairs, still in sets of 23

Front 26

tetraploidy

Back 26

92 chromosomes

Front 27

triploidy

Back 27

69 chromosomes

Front 28

Cri Du Chat Syndrome

Back 28

cat cry syndrome; deletion- loss of portion of chromosome

Front 29

Fragile X Syndrome

Back 29

gap in chromosome; only expressed in males

Front 30

Marfan's syndrome

Back 30

CT disorder;

autosomal dominant

Front 31

Autosomal Dominant

Back 31

abnormal gene is dominant and normal gene is recessive

Front 32

Autosomal Recessive

Back 32

abnormal gene is recessive and normal gene is dominant

Front 33

pH

Back 33

measure of H+ concentration

Front 34

normal pH

Back 34

7.35-7.45

Front 35

buffer systems

Back 35

chemical buffer, respiratory compensation, renal compensation

Front 36

Normal PCO2 level

Back 36

35-45 mmHg

Front 37

Normal Bicarbonate buffer (HCO3-)

Back 37

22-26/28 mEq/L

Front 38

Respiratory Acidosis

Back 38

increase in PCO2 and decrease in pH

Front 39

Metabolic Acidosis

Back 39

relationship between pH and HCO3- is the same;

decreased

Front 40

Alkalosis

Back 40

pH > 7.45

Front 41

Resp. Alkalosis

Back 41

decreased PCO2 and increased pH (OPPOSITE)

Front 42

Met. Alkalosis

Back 42

increased HCO3- and increased pH (SAME)

Front 43

hypovolemia

Back 43

decrease volume in blood

Front 44

hypervolemia

Back 44

excess extracellular fluid volume

Front 45

edema

Back 45

expansion or accumulation of interstitial fluid volume

Front 46

Anasarca

Back 46

type of edema; tissue becomes hard

Front 47

Hematocrit level

Back 47

Male 40-54%

Female 38-47%

Front 48

Normal sodium levels

Back 48

135-145 mEq/L

Front 49

Normal potassium levels

Back 49

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Front 50

Normal Calcium levels

Back 50

8.5-10.5 mg/dl

Front 51

Normal Magnesium levels

Back 51

1.5-2.5 mEq/L