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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathophysiology of COPD |
• Functional residual capacity (end expiratory lung volume) is increased due to – Reduced elastic recoil of lung – Airflow obstruction • Dyspnoea results from – Mechanical disadvantage of hyperinflation – Input from lung afferents – Increased minute ventilation |
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Abnormal pulmonary circulation causes? |
– alveolar destruction causes capillary bed loss – hypoxia causes pulmonary artery vasoconstriction |
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Abnormal pulmonary circulationresults in? |
– pulmonary hypertension – secondary vascular changes – ultimately cor pulmonale (right heart failure) |
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Chronic bronchitis consists of |
• Chronic cough with sputum production for at least 3 months of 2 consecutive years – inflammatory cell infiltration of bronchial mucosa – mucosal oedema – increased mucous secretions – bronchial/bronchiolar mucous plugging, inflammation & fibrosis – squamous metaplasia/dysplasia of bronchial epithelium |
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Emphysema triggered by/predisposition to? |
• Exposure to particles, particularly: – tobacco smoke – occupational dusts – pollution • Gender - male • Age - >50 years of age • Frequent respiratory infections • Socioeconomic status - poor • Poor nutrition • Respiratory comorbidities • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |
