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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Osteonecrosis is due to _____
what happens to necrotic spongy bone?
what happens to necrotic marrow?
Osteonecrosis-death of bone segment due to lack of blood supply
death of spongy bone-release Ca
death of marrow- release Fatty Acids
what can cause osteomyelitis?
blood infection
open wound
what pathologies occur due to osteomyelitis?
pus develops and may cause abscesses - must be scraped out

some bone may die-> sequestrum
hi fever, pain with movement, swelling, tenderness and redness may occur when_________________
Osteomyelitis
protein fibers are components of ____
catrilage

ground substance
chondrocytes
protein fibers- collagen/elastic
which is the hardest type of cartilage?
hyaline (H for Hard)
T/F

Cartilage is easy to heal due to its nourishment
F

very hard to heal
nourished via diffusion from synovial fluid
t/f

bone is partly composed of collagen fibers
T
ground substance, bone cells, lots of collagen fibers, inorganic salts
Osteoblasts___________
Osteoclasts___________

what are their relationships with Ca and which hormones regulate them?
Blasts- build bone, absorb Ca, regulated by Calcitonin from Thyroid Gland

Clasts-break down bone- release Ca- regulated by Parathyroid Hormone
tendons connect ________
ligaments connect _______

t/f - they rich blood supply
T-connect muscle/bone - more elastic fibers- easier to stretch

L-connect bone/bone - more collagen fibers- harder to move - hold joints together

F-poor blood supply
Synarthroses
Synostoses
Synchondrose
Syndesmoses
=joint w/o joint cavity, little/no mvt

syNOstoses- no mvt - skull

synChondrose-connect to bone by hyalin cartilage- ltd mvt - ex: ribs

syndesmoses- fibrous disc joined by ligament- little mvt-symph pubis, back bones (thoracic)
Diarthrosis joints include:
articular cartilage
joint cavity
synovial capsule-rich blood supply
bursae
intraarticular menisci
describe the differences between a
contusion
hematoma
laceration
1- tissue injury but skin intact my be ecchymotic

2-contusion causing swelling and pain which increases with pressure

3- break skin increase chance of infection
Strain is an injury to ____
Sprain is an injury to ____
1-injury to muscle due to mech. overload
2-injury to ligament/tendon causing swelling, discolor, disability, heat, pain, redness
Dislocation is _____
and can be classified as
___________________
separation of bone from joint position causing loss of articulation, pain, deformity, ltd mvt

classified as
congenital,
traumatic
pathogenic
what causes chondromalacia?
recurrent subluxation
fragments of bone/cartilage inside the joint are called ____
what is the common manifestation of this?
loose bodies ->pain and joint locking
what can cause joint locking?
loose bodies inside the joint
_____is any break in the continuity of the bone
fracture
what is difference between a compound
what other types of fractures are possible?
compound fracture is open and skin has broken and there is an open wound

closed fractures are possible
describe the following fractures
Comminuted
Segmental
Butterfly
Greenstick
1) break + small fragments/shatter
2) 3-4 big pieces
3) a chuck broken out of bone - looks like a bite
4) incomplete break - common in kids
describe the order of events for healing a broken bone
hematoma
fibroblasts and capillaries form
fibrocartilaginous callus forms
callus forms
ossification/bone replaces callus
remodel/consolidate- smoothes bone(osteoclast activity)
what is the treatment plan for a fractured bone?
reduction
immobilization
preservation/restoration of function
what are some complications of a bone fracture?
compartment syndrome
fat emboli (fracture of big bone/marrow)
impaired healing
increase pressure may compromise circulation this is common if a patient is experiencing _____
compartment syndrome

may occur if cast is too tight causing numbness

may occur due to swelling causing compression/pain