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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osteonecrosis is due to _____
what happens to necrotic spongy bone? what happens to necrotic marrow? |
Osteonecrosis-death of bone segment due to lack of blood supply
death of spongy bone-release Ca death of marrow- release Fatty Acids |
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what can cause osteomyelitis?
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blood infection
open wound |
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what pathologies occur due to osteomyelitis?
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pus develops and may cause abscesses - must be scraped out
some bone may die-> sequestrum |
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hi fever, pain with movement, swelling, tenderness and redness may occur when_________________
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Osteomyelitis
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protein fibers are components of ____
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catrilage
ground substance chondrocytes protein fibers- collagen/elastic |
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which is the hardest type of cartilage?
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hyaline (H for Hard)
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T/F
Cartilage is easy to heal due to its nourishment |
F
very hard to heal nourished via diffusion from synovial fluid |
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t/f
bone is partly composed of collagen fibers |
T
ground substance, bone cells, lots of collagen fibers, inorganic salts |
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Osteoblasts___________
Osteoclasts___________ what are their relationships with Ca and which hormones regulate them? |
Blasts- build bone, absorb Ca, regulated by Calcitonin from Thyroid Gland
Clasts-break down bone- release Ca- regulated by Parathyroid Hormone |
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tendons connect ________
ligaments connect _______ t/f - they rich blood supply |
T-connect muscle/bone - more elastic fibers- easier to stretch
L-connect bone/bone - more collagen fibers- harder to move - hold joints together F-poor blood supply |
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Synarthroses
Synostoses Synchondrose Syndesmoses |
=joint w/o joint cavity, little/no mvt
syNOstoses- no mvt - skull synChondrose-connect to bone by hyalin cartilage- ltd mvt - ex: ribs syndesmoses- fibrous disc joined by ligament- little mvt-symph pubis, back bones (thoracic) |
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Diarthrosis joints include:
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articular cartilage
joint cavity synovial capsule-rich blood supply bursae intraarticular menisci |
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describe the differences between a
contusion hematoma laceration |
1- tissue injury but skin intact my be ecchymotic
2-contusion causing swelling and pain which increases with pressure 3- break skin increase chance of infection |
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Strain is an injury to ____
Sprain is an injury to ____ |
1-injury to muscle due to mech. overload
2-injury to ligament/tendon causing swelling, discolor, disability, heat, pain, redness |
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Dislocation is _____
and can be classified as ___________________ |
separation of bone from joint position causing loss of articulation, pain, deformity, ltd mvt
classified as congenital, traumatic pathogenic |
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what causes chondromalacia?
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recurrent subluxation
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fragments of bone/cartilage inside the joint are called ____
what is the common manifestation of this? |
loose bodies ->pain and joint locking
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what can cause joint locking?
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loose bodies inside the joint
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_____is any break in the continuity of the bone
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fracture
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what is difference between a compound
what other types of fractures are possible? |
compound fracture is open and skin has broken and there is an open wound
closed fractures are possible |
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describe the following fractures
Comminuted Segmental Butterfly Greenstick |
1) break + small fragments/shatter
2) 3-4 big pieces 3) a chuck broken out of bone - looks like a bite 4) incomplete break - common in kids |
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describe the order of events for healing a broken bone
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hematoma
fibroblasts and capillaries form fibrocartilaginous callus forms callus forms ossification/bone replaces callus remodel/consolidate- smoothes bone(osteoclast activity) |
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what is the treatment plan for a fractured bone?
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reduction
immobilization preservation/restoration of function |
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what are some complications of a bone fracture?
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compartment syndrome
fat emboli (fracture of big bone/marrow) impaired healing |
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increase pressure may compromise circulation this is common if a patient is experiencing _____
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compartment syndrome
may occur if cast is too tight causing numbness may occur due to swelling causing compression/pain |