Pathophys 4 A&p Of Female Reproductive Sys

Front 1

T/F the labia majora and minora are covered with hair

Back 1

F
Mons Pubis & Labia Majora have hair

Labia Minora- hairless

Front 2

what is the female erectile tissue?

Back 2

Labia Minora

Front 3

where are the Bartholin's Glands located?

Back 3

Vestibule
includes urethral & vaginal opening
bartholin's glands to secrete mucus for lubrication

Front 4

the skene's gland is associated with _____

Back 4

urethral opening- between vagina and clitoris

Front 5

_____ is analogous to the male penis?

Back 5

Clitoris- highly sensitive erectile organ located below prepuce

Front 6

_____is analogous to the male scrotum

Back 6

labia majora

Front 7

this structure has no sensory nerves

Back 7

vagina - connects internal and external genitalia

Front 8

the female vagina is basic or acidic?
what causes this pH?

Back 8

Acidic - 3.8 - 4.2

Doderlein's Bacilli ferment the glycogen rich environment to prevent infection

Front 9

epithelial cells of the vagina respond to changes in_____

Back 9

hormones

Front 10

what forms the fornices?

Back 10

uterus projecting into the vagina

Front 11

what hold the uterus in the pelvic cavity?

Back 11

Broad Ligament
Round Ligament
Uterosacral Lig
Cardinal Lig

Front 12

what are the 3 layers of the Uterus?

Back 12

Perimetrium- outermost, fibrous
Myometrium- muscular- thickest
Endometrium- sheds during menses

Front 13

the cervix is...

Back 13

neck of the uterus that projects into the vagina

Front 14

what are the two sections of the cervix

Back 14

internal os/ endo cervix
external os/ exo cervix

Front 15

where does fertilization occur?

Back 15

fallopian tube

Front 16

______is smooth muscle lined with ciliated mucus producing cells

Back 16

Fallopian tube

Front 17

____ is equivalent to the male testes

Back 17

ovaries

Front 18

the ovaries are ____long and ____grams

Back 18

3-5 cm long
2-3 grams

Front 19

when do the ovaries fully develop?

Back 19

3rd month of fetal life

Front 20

the ovaries are attached to the uterus by _____ and _____

Back 20

ovarian ligament
broad ligament

Front 21

when does oogenesis begin?

Back 21

6th week of fetal life producing millions of oocytes

Front 22

t/f
women continue to produce eggs after puberty

Back 22

F- you are born with the all the eggs you will every have - eggs degenerate after birth

Front 23

what is the function of the ovaries?

Back 23

store germ cells
produce estrogen and progesterone (produced by degraff cell)

Front 24

T/F
A woman that does not ovulate will not menstruate

Back 24

F
ovulation is not necessary for menses

Front 25

A normal Length for a menstrual cycle is ____

Back 25

25-35 days avg 28

Front 26

FSH controls which processes?

Back 26

prdctn of theca interna
which secretes estrogen
causing the proliferative phase which builds the endometrial lining

Front 27

what does LH control?

Back 27

ovulation
creating the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and causes the secretive phase (always 14 days) which makes the endometrial lining more nutrient

Front 28

During gestation, a zygote occurs during
a) days 6-60
b) 61+ days
c) days 1-15
d) none of the above

Back 28

days 1-15
16-60=Embryo
61+=fetus

Front 29

what organ produces estrogen?

Back 29

ovary and adrenal gland

Front 30

List some of the functions estrogen

Back 30

dvlp 2ndary sex characteristics
promote reproduction process
dvlpmnt of female body contours
decrease bone resorption
increase HDL reduce LDL (decrease risk of HT attack)
enhance blood coagulation
moderate sodium and water retention

Front 31

what is the primary source for production of progesterone?
what is the function?

Back 31

corpus luteum
glandular development of breast and endometrium
relax smooth muscle of uterus

Front 32

what causes cramps?

Back 32

drop in progesterone

Front 33

upon puberty ____ surges and its release stimulates the enlargement of the ovaries

Back 33

FSH

Front 34

if no egg is fertilized what happens the the egg following ovulation

Back 34

degeneration of corpus luteum
-> corpus albicans
-> no more progesterone release
-> menstrual bleeding

if pregnancy-corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone for another 3 months

Front 35

which layer of the endometrium sloughs off during menses?

Back 35

functional layer- thin/superficial layer & deep spongiosa layer

Front 36

cervical mucus is secreted by ____

what is the pH?

Back 36

endo-cervix/internal os

alkaline - 6.5-9 pH

Front 37

if cervical mucus is secreted by the stimulation of estrogen what is the quality?

what if stimulated by progesterone?

Back 37

watery clear- estrogen

scant, viscous- progesterone

Front 38

what is the spinnbarkeit test?

Back 38

tests for progesterone by stretching the cervical mucus
should exceed 10cm

Front 39

what does an absence of ferning of the cervical mucus indicate

Back 39

inadequate estrogen

Front 40

if a women has an an anovulatory cycle, how will the ferning test manifest, and what does it tell us?

Back 40

persistent ferning throughout the cycle
insufficient progesterone

Front 41

what is Dysfunctional Menses Cycle and how does it manifest

Back 41

abnormal bleeding during or between mense periods caused by something other than uteran problems

manifests as
heavy bleeding at irregular intervals
prolonged flow > 7 days
NO CRAMPS

Front 42

what are the possible causes of Dysfunctional Menses Cycles

Back 42

90% anovulatory problem
lack of estrogen mid cycle
short luteal phase <14 days
prolonged luteal phase >14 days

Front 43

How does birth control work?

Back 43

uses estrogen and progesterone to prevent release of FSH

Front 44

what are some typical reasons for physiologic amenorrhea

Back 44

teen prior or right after menarche
pregnancy
menopause

Front 45

how can pathologic amenorrhea manifest

Back 45

absence of menses and secondary sex characteristics at 14yo

no menses at 16yo regardless of whether or not there are secondary sex characteristics

lack of menses at any age when there used to be normal mense

Front 46

what congenital defects can cause congenital amenorrhea?

Back 46

imperforated hymen
vaginal agenesis

Front 47

list some acquired causes for amenorrhea

Back 47

intrauterine adhesion
nutrition xu
emotional stress
xs exercise
drugs: dopamine, cessation of birth control
pituitary, thyroid, adrenal disorders

Front 48

what is primary dysmenorrhea?

Back 48

painful menses in absence of organic pelvic lesions usually associated with ovulatory cycle

Front 49

how does primary dysmenorrhea manifest?

Back 49

spasmodic/throbbing paib 1-2 days before menses
peaks on 1st day of flow (drop in progesterone disinhibits relaxation of uterus)
pain radiates to back
may be associated w nausea, diarrhea, fatigue

in the absence of pelvic lesions

Front 50

what is secondary dysmenorrhea and what causes it?

Back 50

painful menses due to an organic disease

caused by endometriosis, PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, tumor of the uterus

Front 51

on the first day of menstrual bleeding levels of LH are _____ and levels of FSH are ____

Back 51

Lo
Lo

Front 52

what tissues compose the breast tissue?

Back 52

connective tissue
fat tissue
glandular tissue

Front 53

what divides the glandular breast tissue? how is it divided?

a) Broad Ligament
b) Cooper's Ligament
c) Round Ligament
d) cardinal ligament

Back 53

coopers ligament
divides tissue into 15-25 lobules
each lobe has cluster of alveoli
->intralobular duct
->lactiferous duct
->nipple

Front 54

___ produces milk

Back 54

PRL

Front 55

T/F PRL stimulates the hypothalamus to release milk

Back 55

F- oxytocin + suckling are required for ejection of milk

PRL stimulates alveolar cells to produce milk

Front 56

what happens hormonally during menopause?
how does this affect the breast tissue?

Back 56

decrease estrogen/progesterone
->lose of glandular tissue of the breast
->atrophy of breast tissue

Front 57

___ stimulates vascularity of breasts, growth and extension of ductile structures. This makes the breasts feel heavy during pregnancy

Back 57

estrogen

Front 58

_____causes budding and growth of alveolar structures preparing the breasts for lactation during pregnancy

Back 58

progesterone

Front 59

what is the definition of menopause?

Back 59

cessation of menses for a full year
or
FSH >30mIU

Front 60

what is the mechanism of menopause

Back 60

loss of ovarian function decreases estrogen levels and increases FSH

Front 61

list the manifestations of menopause

Back 61

degradation of secondary sex characteristics- decrease breast tissue/body hair/skin elasticity/subcutaneous fat

vasomotor instability due to lo estrogen/hi FSH-causing hot flashes, palpitations, HA

depression, anxiety

Front 62

during menopause

a) Estrogen levels only decrease
b) Progesterone Levels only decrease
c) FSH levels decrease
d) A&B
e) B&C

Back 62

Estrogen + Progesterone decrease
FSH increases (>30imu)