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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mean arterial BP and what information does it give you?
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MABP = CO x TPR (total peripheral resistance) = diastolic + 1/3 PP (pulse pressure)
indicator of tissue perfusion/nourishment from blood |
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which is true of systolic BP?
a) reflect intermittent ejection of blood into aorta b) maintained by recoil force of arteries c) depends on elasticity of arterioles d) a/c e) All |
reflects intermittent ejection of blood into aorta
(recoil force of arteries and elasticity of arterioles relates to diastolic) |
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systolic pressure is not dependent on:
a) stroke volume b) competency of aortic valve c) elasticity of arterioles d) a/c e) b/c f) All |
elasticity of arterioles
competency of aortic valves both affect the diastolic pressure |
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list the variables that affect the systolic BP
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stroke volume (increase)
velocity of ejection (increase) elasticity of aorta (decrease elasticity increase systolic) |
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if you decrease the competency of the aortic valve what will happen to the diastolic pressure
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decrease - to harmful levels below 45-50
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t/f
pulse pressure represents the pulsing of arterial blood flow |
True
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how can you find the pulse pressure
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systolic - diastolic
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a person is considered hypertensive if their BP exceeds
a) 150/80 b) 140/90 c) 160/90 d) 140/80 |
140/90 mm hg
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a persons health is in danger if their pulse pressure is > ____ or < _____
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>80 increase risk of stroke
<20 |
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what is the range for stage 1 hypertension
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systole 130-139
diastole 85-90 |
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the systolic range for mild hypertension (stage 2) is
a) 130-149 b) 150-169 c) 130-139 d) 140-159 |
140-59
diastole: 90-99 |
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a person is moderately hypertensive if
their systolic ranges _____ and their diastolic ranges _____ |
stage 3
systole 160-179 diastole 100-109 |
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Very severe hypertension exceeds
a) 200/110 b) 210/120 c) 220/120 d) 220/110 |
210/120
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Essential hypertension is due to an imbalance in interactions between which mechanisms?
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cardiac output
renal function peripheral resistance |
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T/F
Caucasian are most likely race to be affected by hi bp |
F
African American |
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how does insulin resistance contribute to hi BP
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-> overactive sympathetic system
->water/salt retention -> changes in ca+, na+ concentrations inside cell -> hi fat/cholesterol |
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List the contributing factors to Hi BP
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hereditary
age race- african americans obesity insulin resistnat diabetes II alcohol K+, Ca+, Mg+ intake stress birth control pill |
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how will a K+ deficiency affect blood pressure
a) decrease BP due to Na+ rentention b) decrease BP due to Na+ excretion c) increase BP due to Na+ retention d) increase BP due to Na+ excretion |
increase BP due to Na+ retention
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the most common symptom of essential hypertension is
a) HA b) Angina c) Retinopathy d) None of the above e) All of the above |
none of the above-
hypertension is most commonly SILENT |
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T/F the goal of treatment for hypertension is to lower the BP <140/90mmhg
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F
goal= maintain a Stable BP as lo as possible with out clinical manifestations (blurry, dizzy, etc) and prevent death |
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list secondary hypertensive conditions
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renal hypertension
adrenal gland disorder pheochomocytoma coartation of aorta preg induced/preeclampsia Hi BP in children HBP Elderly |
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what is the main organ involved in regulating BP?
a) Heart b) Lungs c) Kidney d) All |
KD- any disorder causing decreased urine-water/salt retention causes HBP
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the renin-angiotensin/aldosterone system is activated when _____
a) blood flow to the KD increases b) blood flow to KD decreases c) BP increases d) BP decreases |
blood flow to KD decreases
(ACE inhibitors=tx) |
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list the disorders of the adrenal gland that can cause secondary HBP
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hyperaldosteronism (retain water/Na)
Cushing syndrome (tumor) |
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Pheochromocytoma causes an increase in ______
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catecholamine from sympathetic nerve
(xs adrenalin) -> secondary hypertension |
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this condition causes an increase in systolic pressure and blood flow to the upper body
a) preg induced HBp b) HBP in elderly c) coartation of aorta d) Cushing syndrm |
coartation of aorta- large SV narrow aorta and inability to accept runoff
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what is the primary cause for HBP with children
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kd disease
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what causes HBP in elderly
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stiffening of large arteries
decreased baroreceptor sensitivity increased peripheral resistance decreased renal blood flow |
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for orthostatic hypotension the systolic BP must
a) drop 20mmhg b) raise 20mmhg c) drop 10mmhg d) raise 10mmhg |
drop 20mmhg
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for orthostatic hypotension the diastolic BP must
a) drop 20mmhg b) raise 20mmhg c) drop 10mmhg d) raise 10mmhg |
drop 10mmhg
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list some causes of orthostatic hypotension
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reduced Blood Vol/BFs
drugs: HBP Meds, Psychotics aging: follows big meal prolonged bed rest decreases venous return dysfnctn of autonomic nervous sys idiopathic |
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with orthostatic hypotension how much blood pools in the lower part of the body
a) 100-300ml b) 200-500ml c) 500-700ml d) 700-1000ml e)none |
500-700ml
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with orthostatic hypotension, the pooling of blood directly causes
a) increased ADH b) activation of symp nerv sys c) activation of baroreceptors d) all e) none |
none
pooling of blood causes decrease in central blood volume and BP ->then that causes the the activation of baroreceptors, symp syst, and increased ADH |
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T/F
Orthostatic hypotension increases the central blood volume and decreases BP |
F
Decreases central blood vol decreases BP |
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activation of baroreceptors during orthostatic hypotension causes
a) increases HR b) vasoconstriction c) increases cardiac contractility d) a,b e) b, c f) all of the above |
vasoconstriction
increased HR |
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activation of the sympathetic system during orthostatic hypotension causes
a) increases HR b) vasoconstriction c) increases cardiac contractility d) a,b e) b, c f) all of the above |
ALL
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