Pathoph,chap2/3

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Antigen

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-Foreign substance or component of a cell that stimulates immune responce

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Antibody

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-Specific protein produced in humoral response to bind with antigen

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Autoantibody

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-Antibodyies against self antigen (Autoimmune disease)

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Thymus

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-Gland located in the mediastinum, Large in children smaller in adults. Site of maturation and proliferation of T Lymphocytes

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Lymphatic Tissue

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Contains many lympthocytes. Filters body fluids, removes freign matter, immune responce

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Bone Marrow

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Source of stem cells, leukocytes and maturation of B lymphocytes

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Neutrophils

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White blood cells for phagocytosis; nonspecific defence; active in inflamitory process

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Basophils

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White blood cells: Bind IgE, release histamine in anaphylaxis

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Eosinophils

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White blood cells: Participate in allergic response

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Monocytes

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White blood cells: Migrate from the blood into tissues to become macrophages

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Macrophages

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Phagocytosis; porcess and present antigens to lymphocytes for the immune responce

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Mast Cells

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Relese chemical mediators such as histamine in connective tissue.

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Plasma Cells

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Develop from B lymphocytes and secrete specific antibodies.

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B Lymphocytes

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Humoral immunity-activated cell becomes an antibody-producing plasma cell or a B memory cell

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T Lymphocytes

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White blood cells: Cell-mediated immunity

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Cytotoxic T cells

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-Destroys antigens, cancer cells and virus infected cells

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Memory T cells

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-Remember antigen and quickly stimulate immune responce on reexposier

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Helper T cells

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-Activate B and T cells; controle or limit specific immune responce

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NK Lymphocytes

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-natural killer cells destory foreign cells, virus infected cells, and cancer cells

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Complement

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Chemical Mediators
-Groups of inactive proteins in the circulation that, when activated, stimulate other mediators and promote inflamation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis

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Histamine

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Chemical Mediators
-Relesed from mast cells and basophils, cause vasodilation and edema, also cause bronchiolar and smooth muscle contraction.

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Kinins

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Chemical Mediators
-Cause vasodilation, edema, and pain

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Prostaglandins

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Chemical Mediators
-Groups of lipids with varying effects, some cause inflamation, vasodilation, edema, and pain

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Cytokines (messingers)

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Chemical Mediators
-Includes lymphokines, monokines, interferons, and interlukins. Produced by macrophages and activated T Lymphocytes; stimulates activation and proliferation of B and T cells

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Chemotacitc Factors

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Chemical Mediators
-attract Phagocytes to area of inflamation

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IgG

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Most common antibody in the blood; Produced in both primary and secondary immune responces; activates complent; includes antibacterial, antiviral, and antitoxin

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IgM

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Bound to B lymphocytes in circulation and is usually the first to increse in the immune responce; activates compliment; forms natural antibodies; involved in ABO blood incompatibility reactions

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IgA

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Found in secretions such as tears and saliva, mucous membranes, and colostrum (breast milk) to provide protection for newborn child

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IgE

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Binds to mast cells in skin and mucous membranes; when linked to allergen, causes release of histamine and other chemicals, resulting in infalmation

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IgD

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Attached to B cells; activates B cells

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Allograft (homograft)

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-Tissue Transferred between members of the same species (Ex. human-human)

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Isograft

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-Tussue transfeer between two genetically identical bodies (Ex. Identical Twince)

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Autograft

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-Tissue tranferred from one part of the body to another part in the same person (Ex. Skin or bone)

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Xenograft (heterograft)

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Tussue transferred from a member of one species to a different species (EX. pig-human)

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Hay fever; anaphylaxis

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-IgE bound to mast cells; release of histamine and chemical mediators (causes immediate inflamation and pruritus:itching)

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ABO Blood Incopatibility

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-IgG or IgM reacts with antigen on cell-compliment acitvated (Causes cell lysis and phagocytosis)

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Autoimmune Disorders

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-Antigen-antibody complex deposites on tissue (causes inflamation and, vasculitis:inflammed blood vessles)

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Contact Dermitits; transplant rejection

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Antigen binds to T-lymphocytes; T-cell releases lymphokines (Causes Delayed inflammation)