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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an aortic dissection?
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Intimal tear with dissection (dissekering) of blood through the media of the aortic wall.
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Where does aortic dissection usually occur?
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Occurs in proximal 10 cm of aorta with pre-existing weakness of media.
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What is the most common cause of aortic dissection?
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Hypertension
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Aortic dissection is associated with inherited _________________.
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defects of connective tissue
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How does HTN affect the aorta?
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Hyaline arteriolosclerosis of vasa vasorum feeding the outer half of the aorta. Results in atrophy of SMC in the wall.
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Marfan's is an ___________ (AR/AD) disorder.
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AD
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Marfan's syndrome is due to an inherited defect in what?
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Defect in synthesizing fibrillin
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Ehlers Danlos syndrome is due to what?
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Defects in type I and III collagen synthesis and structure.
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What is the MCC of death in patients with Ehlers danlos?
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Aortic dissection
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How do patients with aortic dissection present?
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(1) Sharp, tearing chest pain
(2) Radiates to the back Can reach the renal arteries. Can cause fatal hemorrhage into mediastinum. |
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What is an important complication of aortic dissection?
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Pericardial tamponade
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What is the most common cause of death in patients with aortic dissection?
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Pericardial tamponade
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What is an aneurysm?
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Balloon-like dilatation of the wall of a vessel
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What is pre-existing conditions to aneurysms?
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Weakness in the aortic wall
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Weakness in the wall is classically seen with what infectious disease? What aneurysm does it produce?
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Tertiary syphilis. It produces thoracic aneurysm.
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Syphilis is an end-____________. What's the result?
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arteritis
Result is atrophy of the wall. |
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What do you see?
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'Tree-bark' appearance of aorta. Seen in tertiary syphilis. Due to fibrosis.
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What are complications of thoracic aneurysms?
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(1) Dilatation of aortic valve root with insufficiency, resulting in aortic insufficiency
(2) Compression of mediastinal structures (3) Thrombosis/embolism (turbulence) |
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm arises where?
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Usually below renal arteries, but above bifurcation
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What's the key way the abdominal aorta becomes weak and atherogenic?
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Predominantly due to atherosclerosis
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AAA is classically seen in which group of patients?
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Classically seen in male smokers > 60 years old with HTN (think risk factors for atherosclerosis)
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How do patients with AAA present?
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(1) Pulsatile abdominal mass
(2) Grows with time |
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Major complication of AAA.
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Rupture
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AAA tend to especially rupture when it is ______ cm in diameter.
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> 5 cm
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Rupture of an AAA presents with what?
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A triad of hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain.
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