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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most male genital infections are
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Sexually transmitted
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The most common cause of prostatic enlargement in 60- to 70-year-old men is
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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Inflammation of the fallopian tubes is called
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Salpingitis
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A trophoblastic proliferation that can mimic pregnancy and causes high human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is
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hyaditifom mole
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Women with carcinoma of the endometrium are at an increased risk of developing carcinoma of the
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Ovary
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The most important complication of endometriosis is
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Infertility
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Abnormality of the placenta characterized by deep penetration of the placental villi into the wall of the uterus is called
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Placenta accreta
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Eclampsia is characterized by all the following
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Proteinuria
Edema Hypertension |
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A Pap smear is most appropriate for early detection of:
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Carcinoma of the cervix
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If a woman has a family history of cancer (i.e., her mother and her sister had cancer of the breast), her chances of developing breast cancer are:
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Significantly increased (5 to 6 times)
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A woman who was diagnosed with a stage I breast cancer, with no metastases, underwent a lumpectomy. Her chances of surviving 5 years are
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80%
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All the following are used successfully in the treatment of breast cancer
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Antiestrogen drugs
Cytotoxic drugs Radiation therapy Surgery |
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The central (“midshaft”) portion of long bones is called
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Diaphysis
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Rheumatoid arthritis is best classified as
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Autoimmune disease
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Which of the following diseases is a genetic cause of dwarfism
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Achondroplasia
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Osteomyelitis of long bones is most often caused by
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Pyogenic bacteria
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Osteoporosis occurs commonly in postmenopausal women secondary to decrease in
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cortisol
estrogen |
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If a long bone fracture has numerous lines and fragments, it is called
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Comminuted
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Which joint disease is characterized by destruction and loss of cartilage, sclerosis of subchondral bone, cyst formation, and osteophytes?
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Osteoarthritis
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The most common symptom of degenerative joint disease is
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Pain
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Axons are cytoplasmic extensions of
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Neurons
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forms of brain injury that does cause significant macroscopic or microscopic changes in the brain?
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Brain contusion
Brain laceration Coup lesion Contrecoup lesion |
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Multiple plaques of demyelination visible by CT scanning are typical of
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Multiple sclerosis
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The most prominent clinical feature of Alzheimer’s disease is:
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Dementia
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digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas
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Amylase
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component of the pancreatic juices acts as a buffer and neutralizes the acidity of the gastric juice
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Bicarbonate
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This hormone causes an increase in blood glucose by releasing stored glucose
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glucagon
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Functionally most pancreatic carcinomas are characterized by
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No hormonal symptoms
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A friend of your from undergrad who would "drink alot" calls to tell you that he has a pancreatic carcinoma. You now that about 90% will die with in:
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six months
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A major biochemical abnormality typical of diabetes mellitus that can be detected by blood analysis is
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Hyperglycemia
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Berry aneurysms
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are normally found at vascular branch points in the circle of Willis
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Normal testicular descent happens in the male
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at 7 months gestation.
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Yellow cholesterol gallstones are typically found in association with
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Obesity
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Type ____ diabetes occurs with a failure of glucose to enter the cells because of membrane resistance or non-auto-immune defiiciency
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type II
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Symptoms of a subdural hemorrhage may take _______to appear
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weeks
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Atheromas occur most commonly in the smaller or bigger vessels associated with cerebral blood supply
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bigger
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Testicular maldescent predisposes a patient to
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testicular carcinoma
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Prostate cancer commonly will metatses to
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bone and pelvic lymph nodes
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The involution of the thymus that occurs normallly with aging is an example of the process known as
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apoptosis
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malignant tumors demonstrate
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anaplasia
undifferentiation increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio nuclear hypochromatism |
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symptom of inflammation
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localized pain
redness swelling |
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The chronic inflammatory response focuses on:
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production of fibrin
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An exudate is the result of
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increased capillary permeability
sodium retention |
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Neurons commonly do or do not undergo hyperplasia
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do not
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A pyknotic nucleus becomes more or less intensely stained with hematoxylin
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less
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An anaplastic tumor is or is not typically very aggressive
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is
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Dysplasia is or is not often be a pre-neoplastic condition
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is
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Neutrophils normally constitute _______ of the leukocyte population
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70%
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following characteristics defines a benign growth
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generally slow growing
uniform cells throughout the tumor well differentiated cells |
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An increased functional demand on a cell can lead to
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hyperplasia
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action of neutrophils during acute inflammation
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ameboid movement
migration phagocytosis |
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Blood vessels best designed to withstand high pressures are:
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arteries
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Lifestyle choices that can contribute to atherosclerosis include
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smoking
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The most common clinically significant emboli are most often composed of
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thrombi
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Most venous emboli that are of clinical significance orginate in the veins of the
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lower extremities
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Tissue transplantation between gentically identical twins is called
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isograft
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Columnar bronchial epithelium irritated by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke into stratified epithelium. This change is an example of
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metaplasia
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Aspirin can inhibit some aspects of inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of:
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prostoglandins and thromboxane
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A lung tumor that has spread to the brain has metastasized via
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blood vessels
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The most important complication encountered in persons affected by familial hypercholesterolemia is:
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atherosclerosis
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Tumors of the pituitary may secrete which hormones
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growth hormone
prolactin thyroid-stimulating hormone |
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an enlarged heart secondary to his long standing uncontrolled hypertension. What is the pathologic response that causes enlargement of the heart by hypertension?
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Hypertrophy
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If viewed at the cellular level the liver cells of an epileptic patient who recieved a daily dose of phenobarbital shows increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. What is the explanation for this finding?
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is most prominent in liver cells and breaks down drugs through metabolic degradation. There is an increased amount of SER due to the need to break down the daily doses of phenobarbital in the epileptic patient
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Which of the following organs undergoes atrophy during childhood and adolescense
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Thymus
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A bacterial throat infection (strep throat) is associated with a white exudate surrounded by reddened mucosa. This is an example of:
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Fibrinous inflammation
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The white blood cells (WBCs) recovered from the urethral discharge of a man with gonorrhea were found to contain bacteria. How did the bacteria enter the WBCs?
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During phagocytosis, the bacterium was engulfed by the leukocyte and ingested. When the WBC was found, it still had remains of the bacterium within it.
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Antibodies are produced by which cell lineage
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Plasma cells
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A child is born without a thymus. Can this child resist infections?
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T-cells mature in thymus and account for 2/3 of the lymphocytes. They are key in fighting infections. The child will have virtually no immune system without a functioning thymus
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A rejection of a skin xenograft is which type of hypersensitivity reaction
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Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
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The most common source of chemical carcinogens in the human habitat is:
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Cigarette smoke
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explain how tumors metastasize
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cancer cells dont stop dividing like normal cells. When normal cells come in contact with eachother, they stop. Cancer cells lack this feature and keep dividing non-stop. The cell can lose function that the normal cell have and can survive on very little nutrients as compared to the normal cell. If the dividing cells are near a highway within the body, then they spread into this highway and therefore, into the rest of body (i.e. lymphatic, blood). Normal cells adhere where as cancer cells can "float" allover, thereby adding to their spreading capabilities. The growth of tumor cells are irregular and take up lots of space and this can cause problems where space is limited (i.e. brain) causing physical symptoms.
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Teratomas orginate from
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germ cells of the ovary
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Graves disease is caused by a disorder best classified as:
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autoimmune disease
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How do you think that a patient with graves disease would be treated
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anti-thyroid drugs
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examples of edema
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Ascitis
Hydorthorax Periorbital swelling |
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The proteinacous meshwork that holds a thrombus todether is composed of:
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fibrin
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Oncotic edema caused by reduction of the colloid osmotic pressure of teh plasma is a typical feature of chronic failure of the:
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liver
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Myocardial infarction is accompanied by typical biochemical changes. Elevation of which enzyme in the blood occurs first after the occlusion of a coronary artery
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Creatine kinase
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Attacks of intrinsic asthma may be precipitated by all of the following
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Aspirin
Bronchial infection Exercise Psychological stress |
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Although the diagnosis of asthma is made primarily by the symptoms. You draw blood test for his allergies. What cell line would you expect to be elevated in a child with asthma and allergies?
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eosinophils
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The treatment of asthma is primarily symptomatic. Generally, it is aimed at reducing:
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bronchospasm and bronchial inflammation
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Overall, the most common form of leukemia is:
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Acute myelogenous leukemia
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The most common form of leukemia in a child younger than the age of 5 is:
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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Acute "honeymoon" cystitis is caused by:
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bacteria
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If the patient in the case had waited a week and then came to see you and also complained of fever, rigors and strong back pain what would be her likely diagnosis .
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acute pyelonephritis
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Pyuria is:
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pus in urine
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Diverticula of the intestine are most often located in the
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sigmoid colon
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Genetic predisposition to colon cancer is inhereted as an autosomal dominant trait in:
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familial adenmatous polyposis syndrome
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All of the following are common symptoms and/or complications of duodenal ulcer
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hematemsis
melena vomiting |
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The proteinacous meshwork that holds a thrombus todether is composed of:
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fibrin
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Oncotic edema caused by reduction of the colloid osmotic pressure of teh plasma is a typical feature of chronic failure of the:
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liver
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Myocardial infarction is accompanied by typical biochemical changes. Elevation of which enzyme in the blood occurs first after the occlusion of a coronary artery
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Creatine kinase
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Attacks of intrinsic asthma may be precipitated by all of the following
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Aspirin
Bronchial infection Exercise Psychological stress |
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Although the diagnosis of asthma is made primarily by the symptoms. You draw blood test for his allergies. What cell line would you expect to be elevated in a child with asthma and allergies?
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eosinophils
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The treatment of asthma is primarily symptomatic. Generally, it is aimed at reducing:
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bronchospasm and bronchial inflammation
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The proteinacous meshwork that holds a thrombus todether is composed of:
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fibrin
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Overall, the most common form of leukemia is:
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Acute myelogenous leukemia
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Oncotic edema caused by reduction of the colloid osmotic pressure of teh plasma is a typical feature of chronic failure of the:
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liver
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The most common form of leukemia in a child younger than the age of 5 is:
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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Acute "honeymoon" cystitis is caused by:
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bacteria
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If the patient in the case had waited a week and then came to see you and also complained of fever, rigors and strong back pain what would be her likely diagnosis .
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acute pyelonephritis
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Pyuria is:
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pus in urine
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Diverticula of the intestine are most often located in the
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sigmoid colon
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Myocardial infarction is accompanied by typical biochemical changes. Elevation of which enzyme in the blood occurs first after the occlusion of a coronary artery
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Creatine kinase
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Attacks of intrinsic asthma may be precipitated by all of the following
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Aspirin
Bronchial infection Exercise Psychological stress |
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Although the diagnosis of asthma is made primarily by the symptoms. You draw blood test for his allergies. What cell line would you expect to be elevated in a child with asthma and allergies?
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eosinophils
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The treatment of asthma is primarily symptomatic. Generally, it is aimed at reducing:
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bronchospasm and bronchial inflammation
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Overall, the most common form of leukemia is:
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Acute myelogenous leukemia
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Genetic predisposition to colon cancer is inhereted as an autosomal dominant trait in:
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familial adenmatous polyposis syndrome
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All of the following are common symptoms and/or complications of duodenal ulcer
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hematemsis
melena vomiting |
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The most common form of leukemia in a child younger than the age of 5 is:
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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Acute "honeymoon" cystitis is caused by:
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bacteria
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If the patient in the case had waited a week and then came to see you and also complained of fever, rigors and strong back pain what would be her likely diagnosis .
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acute pyelonephritis
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Pyuria is:
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pus in urine
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Diverticula of the intestine are most often located in the
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sigmoid colon
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Genetic predisposition to colon cancer is inhereted as an autosomal dominant trait in:
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familial adenmatous polyposis syndrome
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All of the following are common symptoms and/or complications of duodenal ulcer
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hematemsis
melena vomiting |
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major functions of the liver
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excretory
metabolic storage |
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Which of the hepatitis viruses is blood born and currently the most common cause of cirrhosis in the US
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hepatitis C virus
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34 year old male with testicular cancer had a positive urine pregancy test
Please explain |
trophoblastic cells are like the placenta in that they secrete hCG into the blood stream. This can be found in blood serum or urine. The presence of the hCG is an indication of a germ cell tumor
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Most carcinomas of the prostate occur in what part of the prostate
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occur in the peripheral part(posterior lobe) of the prostate
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Acute mastitis is most often caused by
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staphyloccoccus aureus
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More than 50% of all cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) contain intranuclear inclusions of
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Human papilomavirus
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potential complications of type II diabetes
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Peripheral neuropathy
Retinal disease Severe atherosclerotic disease |
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In early stages of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus the typical pathologic finding is:
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Insulitis
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AIDS patients are extremely susceptible to
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pneumonia
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accounts for the vast majority of cases of systemic hypertension.
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Essential hypertension
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The body may try to compensate for respiratory failure by producing more ________ cells
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red blood
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is Adult respiratory distress syndrome is usually fatal
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yes
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Brain metastases are a common sequela to
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lung carcinomas
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respiratory disorders that manifest increased mucus production
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chronic bronchitis
asthma cystic fibrosis |
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Target organ usually affected by systemic hypertension include
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kidney
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Chron's disease patients may present with _______ pain
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low back
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Jaundice is caused by an increase in plasma concentration of _________, a hemoglobin breakdown product
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bilirubin
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Artherosclerotic narrowing of which artery causes hypertension
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renal artery
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Rheumatic carditis is typically preceded by
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Streptococcal throat infection
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The most common form of leukemia in children younger than the age of 5 years
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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The most common symptom of lymphoma is
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Lymph node enlargement
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Consumption of platelets associated with widespread hemorrhages is a feature of
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)
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Crypt abscesses, serpiginous ulcerations, and inflammatory polyps of the large intestine are a typical feature of:
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Ulcerative colitis
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disorders cause hemolytic anemia
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hereditary spherocytosis
thalassemia sickle cell disease |
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The lack of bile adversely affects the absorption of all of the following vitamins
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Vitamin A
Vitamin D Vitamin K |
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most common cause of cirrohsis in the US is:
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Alcohol abuse
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In cirrohosis the surface of the liver is:
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nodular
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In hemochromatosis the liver contains increased amounts of:
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iron
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Aplastic anemia
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involves a failure of marrow stem cells to produce red blood cells.
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features of acute glomerulonephritis
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edema
hematuria hypertension |
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The most common urinary stones are composed of
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calcium phosphate
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The most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract is
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carcinoma of the the urinary bladder
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