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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Normal cells are said to be in homeostasis, when a cell undergoes stress//increased demand what happens
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Adapation
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This occurs every day
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What results if there is no adaptation
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Injury
Disease Die |
3 things
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What are the 4 ways a Cell/Tissue can Adapt to Stress
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Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy Atrophy Metaplasia |
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1-Define Hyperplasia
2- What happens to the organ in hyperplasia 3- Hyperplasia can only occur in what tissues -Is Hyperplasia Physiologic or Pathologic? |
-Increase the # of cells
-Increases in Volume -Tissues that are capable of cell division -Both |
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Give an example of a Physiologic Hyperplasia Event
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High Altitude= More RBC produced by Bone Marrow, Lactating Breast (Hormonal)
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2 are listed
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Define Labile
-Give an Example |
Continuously replenishing cells
- Epidermis, GI |
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Give an Example of cells that are incapable of dividing
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Neurons and Cardiac Myocyte cells
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Stem Cell Research will allow these cells to divide
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What cells can divide but will if NECESSARY!
-What is it called |
Liver Cells (Hepatocytes)
-Compensatory Hyperplasia |
Induced by GF
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How do you measure Proliferation?
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Using Ki 67
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Protein Present in S, G1, G2, M Phases of Cell Cycle
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This type of Hyperplasia occurs b/c of Infection or Invasion of Tissue
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Follicular Hyperplasia
-Occurs in Lymph Node |
Antibody-Antigen
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Hypertrophy of muscles in bladder wall lead to this type of Hyperplasia
- what is the drug used to treat this and how does it work |
Prostate Hyperplasia
-Anasterin- blocks mechanism and hypertrophy reverses itself -- Mechanism: T is taken up by stromal cells>>Modified into TG>>GF>> Leads to Hypertrophy of Gland |
Difficult to Pee
Interfers w/ Urination Change in Bladder Wall |
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What is Hypertrophy?
-How does this occur? -Are these stem cells are mature cells -What cause Hypertrophy |
Increase in Size of Cells
-Increasing Cellular Components -Mature Cells -Increased Functional Demands |
Physiologic and Pathologic
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Name 3 tissues that undergoes Hypertrophy
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Muscle Cells
- Increase Actin// Myosin Liver Cells -ER when metaboling drugs Heart (Myocyte Cells) -due to Peripheral resistance>> Hypertension -this in Non Physiologic - Physiologic in atheletes that work out (larger co>> lower hrt rate) |
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How do u get a Heart Attack
(Myocardial Infarct) |
Decreased O or no O to heart (Anoxia)b/c of Obstruction of Blood Flow due to Athersclerosis>>Circumsized area of cell death
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Can be fatal or non fatal
Fatal -Hrt Failure -Rupture of Heart -Disturbance of Adaptation |
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What can facilitate the Hypertrophic Response in Muscle cells
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Anabolic Steroids
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Im gonna PUMP U UP
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What animal is called the Champion of Mult. Hypertrophy
- Why |
Belgain Blue
-Breed to produce less myostatin (prevents muscles from getting too big) |
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What is the cause of Calcific Aortic Stenosis
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Narrowing of Aortic Valve>> Leads to Hypertrophy
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Define Atrophy
-How does it occur |
Loss of cell substance and/or cell #
-Imbalance between synthesis and degradation (via ubiquitination) |
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What 2 can things occur as a result of Atrophy
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Autophagic vacuoles increas
Residual Bodies increase (process called lipofusion) |
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Residual bodies are a product of what?
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lysis in lysosomes (when nothing else is left_
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Name the 6 Categories of Atrophy
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-Disuse
-Denervation -Ischemia -Inadequate Nutrition -Hormone Stimulation Loss -Senile Atrophy |
DDIIHS
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What are dense bodies made of
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Lipofusion
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Marker of Atrophy
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What is lipofusion
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Accumulation of Autophagic Vacuoles
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Lipofusion>> Residual bodies (dense bodies)
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Senile Atrophy- give two examples
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testicular
cerebral (alzheimer's disease) |
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What is Metaplasia
-what induces metaplasia |
when one cell type changes to another cell type
-Cytokines,GF |
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Give and example of Metaplasia
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Espohagus
-Squamous cells change to columnar cells (Barett's Esphogaus) |
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