Pathology Test 3

Front 1

known as “the common cold

Back 1

Coryza

Front 2

Acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract

Back 2

Coryza

Front 3

Inflammation of the nasal passages

Back 3

Rhinitis

Front 4

Refers to the paranasal sinuses that are involved in the infection of a cold

Back 4

Sinusitis

Front 5

Inflammation of the throat

Back 5

Pharyngitis

Front 6

Inflammation of the voice box

Back 6

Laryngitis

Front 7

Described as an allergy
Result of hypersensitivity to various grass and tree pollens

Back 7

Hay Fever

Front 8

Common viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract and characterized by fever, chills, sore throat, runny nose, cough and often muscle pain

Back 8

Influenza

Front 9

The greatest danger with flu cases is

Back 9

the viral infection adversely affects the respiratory epithelium, which is an important bodily defense mechanism
When this line of defense is compromised, secondary bacterial invaders are able to work their way down the respiratory tract and lead to other serious infections

Front 10

Inflammation of the trachea

Back 10

Tracheitis

Front 11

Inflammation of the bronchi
Common as the flu, most serious in infants

Back 11

Bronchitis

Front 12

Form of allergy characterized by hypersecretion of mucous and spasms of the bronchial muscles
Some are overly sensitive to various antigens. These substances cause abnormal, spasmodic contractions of the musculature in the bronchial passageways. The airways are narrowed, making it difficult to breath

Back 12

Asthma

Front 13

Inflammation of the lungs caused by a collection of inflammatory exudates in the alveoli

Back 13

Pneumonia (or Pneumonitis)

Front 14

is and infection that is localized in one or two lobes of the lung

Back 14

Lobar Pneumonia

Front 15

Inflammation of the pleura
Generally accompanies Lobar Pneumonia

Back 15

Pleuritis (or Pleurisy)

Front 16

Second main category of Pneumonia
Name derives from the inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
Complicates other disease such as: whooping cough, measles, the flu, cancer and chronic bronchitis
It is a common hospital acquired (nosocomial

Back 16

Bronchial Pneumonia

Front 17

When the pleural cavity is filled with purulent exudates, the condition is known as

Back 17

empyema or pyothorax

Front 18

If fluid collects in the pleural cavity and is more watery , or edematous in nature, it is referred to as

Back 18

pleural effusion or hydrothorax

Front 19

Hydrothorax usually accompanies circulatory disorders such as

Back 19

heart failure

Front 20

Indicates a collection of blood which may accompany some infections and wounds

Back 20

Hemothorax

Front 21

Air in the pleural cavity

Back 21

Pneumothorax

Front 22

Refers to a collapsed lung

Back 22

Atelectasis

Front 23

Long term respiratory disease with chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue
Not infectious, and is associated with long term irritation of the respiratory passageways
The lungs stay filled with air high in CO2
Due to this, the individual feels suffocated due to the inability to get enough oxygen into the lungs
The end result of this disease is the breakdown of delicate walls of the alveoli and a joining together of the tiny air sacs into bullae (which are functionless sacs)

Back 23

Emphysema

Front 24

Stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 24

COPD

Front 25

This condition affects several body systems, but particularly those with exocrine secretor functions such as the pancreas and sweat glands

Back 25

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 26

This disease is often discussed along with diseases of the pancreas. It is characterized by the thick sticky mucous secretions that block the pancreatic duct. As a result the glands dilate into sac like structures called cysts-hence the name cystic fibrosis

Back 26

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 27

The danger of this disease is the respiratory obstruction due to the thick and sticky mucous secretions to the membranes that line the air passageways to the lungs. This blocks the flow of air and also traps bacteria and predisposes the individual to respiratory infections

Back 27

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 28

This is a hereditary disease. It is a result of a genetic disorder. There is no cure, but there is treatment

Back 28

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 29

It’s an umbrella term that encompasses various conditions which cause long-term interference with the normal respiratory exchange of gases

Back 29

COPD

Front 30

What are two or more conditions that can co-exist, the designation of COPD

Back 30

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma

Front 31

Long term respiratory disease with chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue

Back 31

Emphysema

Front 32

Not infectious, and is associated with long term irritation of the respiratory passageways

Back 32

Emphysema

Front 33

The lungs stay filled with air high in CO2

Back 33

Emphysema

Front 34

Due to this, the individual feels suffocated due to the inability to get enough oxygen into the lungs

Back 34

Emphysema

Front 35

The end result of this disease is the breakdown of delicate walls of the alveoli and a joining together of the tiny air sacs into bullae (which are functionless sacs)

Back 35

Emphysema

Front 36

Non-communicable, non-infectious condition that affects the lungs

Back 36

Pneumoconiosis

Front 37

Combination of words that mean “lungs” and “dust”

Back 37

Pneumoconiosis

Front 38

Generally an occupational disease

Back 38

Pneumoconiosis

Front 39

-stone dust

Back 39

Silicosis

Front 40

coal dust

Back 40

Anthracosis-

Front 41

asbestos fibers

Back 41

Asbestosis-

Front 42

A serious infectious and caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 42

Tuberculosis

Front 43

Pulmonary ____ is the most common form

Back 43

Tuberculosis

Front 44

what can affect any body organ

Back 44

Tuberculosis

Front 45

caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium _________

Back 45

Tuberculosis

Front 46

Spreads through blood and lymph system

Back 46

Tuberculosis

Front 47

TB is characterized by the formation of lesions called __________

Back 47

tubercles

Front 48

The _______ will grow in size and put pressure on surrounding capillaries and impairs circulation

Back 48

tubercles

Front 49

Necrotic tissue can form within the tubercle

Back 49

caseation

Front 50

occurs when the growth of a tubercle erodes the walls of an adjacent bronchus, and the contents are thrown off into the air passageway, leaving an empty cavity

Back 50

Cavitation

Front 51

One of the leading forms of cancer in the U.S

Back 51

lung cancer

Front 52

#1 cause of death among male cancer patients in the country

Back 52

lung cancer

Front 53

Can be at the primary site or can metastasize from other areas in the body

Back 53

lung cancer

Front 54

Smoking increases ones risk for getting lung cancer

Back 54

lung cancer

Front 55

Embalming Considerations for respitory disease

Back 55

Emaciation
Dehydration
Rapid blood coagulation
Edema, especially hydrothorax
Cyanosis of the tissues
Exposure to TB and Hepatitis

Front 56

Why is the urinary system important?

Back 56

Its functions remove waste products from the body
Waste products need to be filtered out of the blood and eliminated before they build up to toxic levels
The filtering process is accomplished by the kidneys

Front 57

The ________ are also key in maintaining proper water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body

Back 57

kidneys

Front 58

is inflammation of the kidney

Back 58

Nephritis

Front 59

Refers to the inflammation of the filtering capillaries in the kidney

Back 59

Glomerulonephritis

Front 60

the filtering capillaries in the kidney)

Back 60

glomeruli

Front 61

Blood in the urine is known as

Back 61

hematuria

Front 62

Hemoglobin in the urine is

Back 62

hemoglobinuria

Front 63

Albumin in the urine is known as

Back 63

albuminuria

Front 64

can be acute of chronic

Back 64

Glomerulonephritis

Front 65

is often accompanied by hypertension

Back 65

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Front 66

Hypertension often leads to __________-_____ can lead to hypertension

Back 66

kidney disease

Front 67

Arteries and arterioles of the kidney can become sclerotic. This is referred to as

Back 67

nephrosclerosis

Front 68

inflammation of the kidney pelvis

Back 68

Pyelitis

Front 69

The kidney pelvis is the upper expanded part of the

Back 69

ureter

Front 70

is inflammation of the kidney and pelvis itself

Back 70

Pyelonephritis

Front 71

Pyelonephritis, Pyelitis, nephrosclerosis are types of kidney infections that are usually caused by

Back 71

pyogenic bacteria

Front 72

result in the inability of the kidney to properly filter waste products out of the bloodstream

Back 72

diseases of the kidney

Front 73

The condition where the kidney cannot filter waste products out of the blood is called

Back 73

uremia

Front 74

can be associated with changes in urinal output

Back 74

Kidney failure

Front 75

means complete suppression of urine output

Back 75

Anuria

Front 76

means a less than normal amount of urine

Back 76

Oliguria

Front 77

refers to the passage of excess quantities of urine. It often is an indication of problems elsewhere in the body such as diabetes insipidus, which is a disease of the pituitary gland

Back 77

Polyuria

Front 78

is responsible for producing and anti-diuretic hormone that regulates urine output. When this hormone is not properly produced, excess urine is generated. This can lead to dehydration of the body.

Back 78

The pituitary gland

Front 79

Polyuria also accompanies

Back 79

diabetes mellitus

Front 80

sugar diabetes

Back 80

diabetes mellitus

Front 81

Excess sugar in the urine is known as

Back 81

glycosuria

Front 82

The pancreas is not producing the proper amount of insulin and therefore sugar builds up in the blood stream and spills in to the urinary system

Back 82

glycosuria

Front 83

Underdevelopment of body part

Back 83

Hypoplasia

Front 84

Many cysts on the kidney

Back 84

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Front 85

A condition which is characterized by a build up of urine in the kidney pelvis, causing a dilation of the pelvis and even compression of kidney tissue

Back 85

Hydronephrosis

Front 86

Formation of kidney stones

Back 86

Nephrolithiasis

Front 87

Kidney stones are called

Back 87

nephroliths or renal caculi

Front 88

They form in the kidney pelvis. If they are small enough, they will pass into the bladder and continue to grow and can eventually block the urethra

Back 88

Kidney stones

Front 89

Inflammation of the ureters

Back 89

Ureteritis

Front 90

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Back 90

Cystitis

Front 91

Inflammation of the urethra

Back 91

Urethritis

Front 92

Pus in the urine. This can result from pyogenic bacteria that cause urinary tract infections

Back 92

Pyuria

Front 93

Some organisms that cause UTI’s are

Back 93

Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia thrachomatis, Esherichia Coli

Front 94

are common malignant tumors which occur in the urinary system

Back 94

Carcinomas

Front 95

urinary system diseases that is a common type affecting adults

Back 95

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Front 96

a malignant ,rapid growing kidney tumor. This is often seen in young children.

Back 96

Wilm’s tumor

Front 97

Build up of urea and other toxic waste products in the blood have the effect of altering tissue proteins is diminished
Kidney disease can result in edema
Strong odor of urine in the tissues may be present

Back 97

Embalming Considerations for urinary system diseases