Pathology Terms 4

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Adenocarcinoma

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a malignant tumor of epithelial cells arranged in glandular pattterns

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Adenoma

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a benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form glandular structures or are derived from glandular epithelium

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Amelanotic

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refers to a melanoma that contains little or no pigment

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Cachexia

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a pathologic state characterized by weight loss and anorexia that accompanies some infections and neoplastic disease

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Cancer

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a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is transformation of normal cells into malignant cells

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Carcinoma

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a suffix that denotes a malignant tumor derived from epithelial cells

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Hemangio-(prefix)

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blood vessel. Hemagiosarcoma--malignant tumor of a blood vessel

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Histiocytoma

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a neoplasm composed of round histiocytic cells

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Leio-(prefix)

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smooth. Leiomyoma--a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells

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Lip(o)-(prefix)

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fat; lipid. Lipoma--a benign tumor of fat cells.

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Lymphoma

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a neoplastic disorder of lymphocytes

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Malignant

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having the properties of anaplasia, invasiveness and metastasis; tending to become progressively worse and to result in death.

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Metastatic

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a tumor that has transferred from one organ (or part) to another not directly connected to it.

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My-,Myo-(prefix)

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muscle. Leiomyosarcoma--a malignant tumor of smooth muscle cells.

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Neoplasm

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an abnormal mass of tissue with excessive, uncoordinated growth that persists even after the inciting stimulus is gone

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Papilloma

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the common wart; a benign tumor derived from epithelium

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Polyp

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a benign growth (hyperplastic or neoplastic) that protrudes from the surface of a mucous membrane

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Polypoid

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resembling a polyp

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Sarcoma

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suffix that denotes a malignant neoplasm that is derived from mesenchymal cells (bone, cartilage, connective tissue, fat)

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Teratogen

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any substance that can cause non-heritable birth defects in a developing embryo or fetus

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Tumor

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a swelling; a neoplasm

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Verruca

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a wart

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Xantho-(prefix)

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yellow. Xanthoma--a yellow tumor

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-uria (suffix)

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urine. Proteinuria--protein in the urine

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"schisis"

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falure to close; palatoschisis

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A-, An (prefix)

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without. Aplasia--without or lack of formation

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Achalasia

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failure of a sphincter to relax

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Agenesis

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absence, failure of formation and primordium is absent

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Aplasia

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defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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Arythrogryposis

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a congenital angular deformity of joints that is caused by abnormal development of tendons and subsequent contracture

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Atresia (adj. atretic)

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closed; absence of a normal opening or normally patent lumen

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Brachygnathia

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protrusion of the upper jaw due to shortening of the lower jaw

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cheiloschisis

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cleft lip; failure of fusion of the upper lip or philtrum

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Congenital

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existing at birth; may be due to hereditary factors or some influence occuring during gestation

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Dysgenesis

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defective embryonic development

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Dysplasia

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abnormal tissue development; failure of a tissue to form properly; abnormal organization of cells

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Dystopia

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displacement

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Ectopia

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tissue forms at the wrong site

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Exencephaly

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defect in which the brain is abnormally formed and it protrudes through the skull

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Freckle

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small tan-red or light brown macules that occur on lightly pigmented skin; ephelis

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Goiter

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an enlarged, hyperplastic thyroid gland

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Hamartoma

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tumor-like malformation in a tissue

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Hereditary

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transmitted from parent to offspring

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Malocclusion

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a failure of the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly

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Malposition

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faulty or abnormal position of a part of the body

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Palatoschisis

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cleft palate; lateral palatine processes fail to fuse

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Polydactyly

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having more digits than normal

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Prognathia

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an abnormal protrusion of the lower jaw

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Sclero-(prefix)

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hard. Scleroderma--a hardened patch of skin or mucous membrane

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Syndactyly

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fusion of digits

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Urolith

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a stone the forms in the urinary tract