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26 Cards in this Set

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What are the eight things that should be included in a good description?
A good description should include:
a) precise location e) consistency
b) size (quantitated) f) sectioned surface (when appropriate)
c) shape g) odor
d) color h) relationship to adjacent/other structures
What are the five aspects of a morphologic diagnosis (or process)? (this is the "formula")
Interpretation of Process = morphologic diagnosis
modifier -- if applicable (e.g. exudates of inflammatory diseases),
duration,
distribution,
severity,
location (tissue and process)

eg: severe, acute, multifocal, suppurative hepatitis (tissue is liver, process is inflammation)
What is the difference between etiologic diagnosis and a morphologic diagnosis (or process)?
Etiologic diagnosis: You not only know the morphologic diagnosis, but also know what is causing it.
What is a differential diagnoses?
A list of dz diagnoses that are compatible with the clinical signs, history and lesions observed. Eg. yersiniosis, tularemia and salmonellosis might all cause foci of hepatic necrosis and high mortality rates in squirrels.
Severity
mild, moderate, marked, severe

Obviously a hugely arbitrary term that is affected by your degree of experience – try and think about % of the organ affected, likelihood of clinical signs
Duration
Acute vs Chronic

Applies mostly to inflammatory processes.

Trends: pus, fibrin, hemorrhage tend to be indicators of acute = recent problem (unfortunately can also be seen if problem is ongoing for longer time)
: fibrosis and granulomatous change are typically of chronic (at least a week)

Many instances in which the duration is such complete guesswork and any one could be correct
Subacute
Falls between chronic and acute, no fibrosis but you suspect it is more than a couple of days old
Chronic active
evidence of both acute and chronic change
Distribution terminology
Focal

Locally extensive – arbitrary cut off

Multifocal

Disseminated – a very impressive multifocal lesion - change is found in all quadrants of a tissue/organ but does not affect the entire parenchyma of the organ (that would be diffuse) [best not to use - will get us into more trouble than good]

Diffuse

Other modifiers are critical in certain organs: segmental, transmural, cortical, unilateral vs. bilateral, etc.
Modifiers
applies best to inflammatory processes but is generally a means of emphasizing the most prominent feature of the lesion – you will learn most terms (purulent vs. fibrinous vs. granulomatous, etc. in the inflammation lectures

Many instances in which no modifier is appropriate
- itis
- osis
- opathy
-itis - inflammation
-osis – process or condition
-opathy – not sure exactly what’s going on, but don’t think it’s inflammation, but do think it’s diseased.
When do precise names of processes trump morphological diagnostical descriptions?
When the precise names and they're connotations are so well known that they tell you more than the morph dx:
Example: jejunal intussusception tells me more than severe acute segmental hemorrhagic transmural jejunal necrosis
- ectomy
- otomy
- ostomy
Think of ectoparasites
- ectomy - cutting out

- otomy - to cut

- ostomy - to make a mouth, make an opening (colostomy)
Are suppurative and purulent equivalent?
Yes
What do you need to know, to claim the etiology of a process?
The precise agent
In pathology, what is the "disease"?
The common name for the condition. Like yersiniosis. Which, like, everyone knows.
Describe the morphological diagnosis of these steer lungs.
Severe bilocally extensive (or anteroventra or lobar) acute hemorrhagic pneumonia
Is this kidney lesion acute or chronic? How do we know?
It is chronic, because of the scarred down (depression) area more visible in cross section
What is the distribution of these lesions?

What is the distribution? The duration? The tissue/process?
The distribution: Bilateral multifocal
Duration is likely acute
Severity is likely severe
Tissue/process: nephritis
The esophageal section to the left, what is the distribution, duration, severity, location/process?
Distribution – multifocal
Duration – acute
Severity – moderate
Location/process – ulcerative esophagitis
What is the distribution, severity and modifier of this abomasal lesion?
Acute severe diffuse (nothing spared) hemorrhagic (defined by the bright red) abomasitis
What is the morphological diagnosis of this duckling's liver?
Mutlifocal suppurative heptatitis acute, severe
This is a horse thoracic cavity, majority of center picture is lung. What is the distribution?
Locally extensive is what we can see.
What is the distribution of lesion in this duck pectoralis m.?

What would you call inflammed muscle?
multifocal

This is a parasite of the pectorialis.
Inflammation of the muscle would be myocitis.
Turkey liver at left, cecum at right.

What are the distributions of these lesions?
The liver still has distinct lesions, so isn’t diffuse – multifocal to confluent
Cecum is diffuse, the yellow material (fibrin) fills the whole thing
This is the coelem of a chicken with ascites. What distribution is this process?
Diffuse. Ascites, by its nature, is not going to be focal.