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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the acinus?
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the basic unit of lung function
includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, and a capillary bed derived form the pulmonary artery |
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What cells make up the alveolar septa?
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Type I alveolar cells, endothelium, and interstitial cells
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What cells secrete surfectant?
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Type II cells
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What are Pores of Kohn?
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the minute openings in the alveolar septae through which permit passage of bacteria, fluid, and alveolar macrophages
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Whta types of cells line the bronchii?
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pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
mucous secreting goblet cells |
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What types of cells line the bronchioles?
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columnar cells
secretory Clara cells |
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How do congenital cysts arise?
What is the most common type of congenital cyst? |
formed by an abnormal detachment of primitive forgut, most often located in the hilum or middle mediastinum
brochogenic cysts are the most common |
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What is bronchopulmonary sequestration?
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mass of isolated non functioning lung tissue with an abberrant blood supply (derived from the aorta or its branches) and NO normal connection to the airway system
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What are atelectasis?
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incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse leding to reduced oxygenation and predisposition to infection
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What are the 3 types of atelectasis?
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Obstructive atelectasis - follows complete obstruction of an airway
Compressive - follows expansion of the pleural space by fluid Patchy - develops when there is loss of pulmonary surfactant |
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What is pulmonary edema and how does it impact lung function?
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intra-alveolar accumulation of fluid due to hemodynamic disturbances or inc in capillary permeability
impairs normal respiratory functionand predisposes to infection |
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List 2 mechanisms that lead to pumonary edema?
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hemodynamic disturbances: L heart failure or overload leads to increased hydrostatic pressure or decresed oncotic pressure
microvascular injury: inflammatory alveolar rxns(due to drugs,infection, sepsis, uremia --> incresead capillary perm and leakage of fluids and proteins into interstitial space |
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What histological findings are associated with Pulmonary edema?
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engorged capillaries
filling of the intra-alveolar spaces by granular pink precipitate alveolar microhemorrhages hemosiderin laden macrophages (may be associated with interstitial fibrosis) |
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Define Adult respiratory distress syndrome. (ARDS)
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diffuse alveolar damage with resultant increase in alveolar cappilary permeability, causing leakage of protein rich fluid into alveoli and formation of intra-alveolar hyaline membranes composed of fibrin and cellular debris
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