• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/54

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the cell types of the epidermis

Stratum basale


Stratum spinosum


Stratum granulosum


Stratum corneum

What are the key things we need to remember for the skin?

Skin form different anatomical sites has different features


Different spp have different types of hair follicles


Adnexae are glands/hair follicles


The hair cycle - some diseases affect this

What are the phases of the hair cycle

through anagen, catagen and telogen

What does the dermis contain

Lymphatics


BV


Adnexae

What does the subcutis contain

Fatty tissue

Why take a biopsy?

Inflammatory skin disease or neoplasia


Identify/confirm/diagnose condition


Suitable theraputic and prognosis/excise if tumour

How do we get good results from a biopsy

Provide a good history


Good quality biopsy

How do we get a good biopsy

Remove from any treatment 2-3w prior if possuble


dont surgically prepare


clip hair gently


subcut LA


take full thickness biopsy


be careful with handling tissue


take lesions at different stages if possible


Fix in formalin


Take note of hair direction for the pathologist prior to fixing


Take central biopsy and one at the edge of the lesion - transition if possible


Acantholysis

Loss of cohesion between epidermal cells

Acathosis

Increased thickness of the stratum spinosum specifically


Thickening of non cornified cells accompanied by rete peg formation

Rete peg - cores or peg like formations of the hyperplastic epidermis projecting towards the dermis

Acantholysis during pemphigus foliaceous

Layers of the epidermis

Bulla

Fluid filled cavity


Circumscribed either within or beneath the epidermis greater than 0.5cm diameter

Crust

Surface accumulation of keratin, serum and cellular debris (pynknosis +/- bacteria)

furunculosis

Penetrating or perforating folliculitis resulting in hair follicle rupture

Furunculosis

Folliculitis

Folliculitis

Inflammation of the hair follicle

Glabrous skin

Non hairy areas of skin

Hydropic degeneration

Intracellular oedema leading to vaculoated cytoplasm

Hyperkeratosis

thickening of stratum corneum

Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis

Thickened layer of keratin with normal cells

Parakeratosis

nuclei of keratinocytes are retained

Hyperpigmentaion

Excessive melanin deposition

Lichenoid bamd

Band of inflammatory cells just below epidermis

Pustule

Space filled with proteinaceous fluid and inflammatory cells - neutrophils and acantholytic cells


In or just below the surface

Pigmentatry incontincence

Leakage of melanin granules from pigmented basal layer of epidermis into the underlying dermis


Melanin often seen in macrophages in that zone

Melanophagy

Ingestion of melanin by macrophages

Seborrhoea

Abnormal flow of sebum


Altered keratin producing syndromes - dandruf to pruritic inflammation with scaling and crusting


Spongiosus

intercellular oedema leading to separation of cells or sponge like appearence histologically

Vesicle

Similar to bulla but less than 0.5cm diameter

Examples of diseases causing perivascular dermatitis

Hypersensitivity


response to ectoparasites, bacterial infections

What is interface dermatitis

Lesion targets the upper level of the dermis /dermo - epidermal junction/ lower layers of the epidermis


Hydropic degeneration of the stratum basale and progress to apoptosis


Interface dermatitis can be cell poor or cell rich

What causes interface dermatitis

Discoid and systemic lupus erythematosis and erythema multiformis

What causes vasuclitis

reaction against blood vessels


damage to vessel wall - vasculitis -> toxins, DIC, infection necrosis and infarction

diffuse dermatitis

effacement of the normal dermal archectecture

What processes are neutrophils involved in?

abscesses/cellulitis

what processes are macrophages involved in

Mycobacterial infections


leishmaniasis


foregn body reaction

What causes pyogranulomatous dermatitis

Fungal infections

What are eosinophils involved

Eosinophillic granuloma complex

What What causes intraepidermal vesicular dermititis/pustular dermititis - Neutrophil dominated reaction

Superficial bacterial infection


Pemphigus foliaceous

What What causes intraepidermal vesicular dermititis/pustular dermititis - Eosinophil dominated reaction

Parasitic disease


Allergy

Pemphigus foliaceous

Pemphigus vulgaris - tombstone sign

What What causes intraepidermal vesicular dermititis/pustular dermititis - Minimal inflammatio

Pemphigus vulgaris

What are the pemphigus diseases

Autoimmune disease leading to an immune response against cell juctions at stratum basale/spinosum (vulgaris)


Or stratum spinosum (foliaceous)

What is the cause of subepidermal vesicular dermatitis

Bullous Pemphigoid


Top of the bulla/vesicel contains entire epidermis as separation occurs at the BM

What can cause furunculosis or folliculitis

Staph infections


Demodicosis


Dermatophytosis

Sebaceous adenitis

sebaceous glands are targeted, in chronic cases they may be absent

Panniculitis

Subcut adipose involved in inflammation


Fungal infections


Foreign body infections


Vaccine reactions

Atrophic dermatosis

Atrophy of hair follicles and adnexal structures


Can also affect dermis and epidermis


Hair cycle abnormalities, dysplasia

What are the typical features associated with endocrinopathies

Follicular atrophy


Sebaeceous atrophy


Diffuse orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis


secondary bacterial infection

Pork measles - cysticercus cellulosae