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32 Cards in this Set

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Granulosa Cell Tumor
10% malignant, post-menopausal, estrogen producing, result of loss of oocytes, cystic/hemorrhagic, grooved nuclei (Call-Exner bodies), may cause proliferative endometrial lesions
Granulose Cell Tumor
10% malignant, post-menopausal, estrogen producing, result of loss of oocytes, cystic/hemorrhagic, grooved nuclei (Call-Exner bodies), may cause proliferative endometrial lesions
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors
produce androges, associated w/ virilization and hirsutism
Gonadoblastoma
gonadal dysgensis, germ cells & primitive sex cord elements
Chorioamnionitis
Infection of placental membranes resulting from ascending bacterial infection. Opaque edematous membranes w/ PMN infiltrate
May cause premature labor, fetal infections, intrauterine hypoxia
Chorioamnionitis
Infection of placental membranes resulting from ascending bacterial infection. Opaque edematous membranes w/ PMN infiltrate
May cause premature labor, fetal infections, intrauterine hypoxia
Complete Hydatidiform Mole
Fertilization of empty ovum (paternal 46XX), extremes of age & asian predispose. Uterine cavity fills with edematous villi w/ trophoblastic hyperplasia. 2% develop choriocarcinoma
Symptoms: markedly elevated HCG, excessive uterine enlargement, abnormal uterine bleeding
Complete Hydatidiform Mole
Fertilization of empty ovum (paternal 46XX), extremes of age & asian predispose. Uterine cavity fills with edematous villi w/ trophoblastic hyperplasia. 2% develop choriocarcinoma
Symptoms: markedly elevated HCG, excessive uterine enlargement, abnormal
Partial Hydatidiform Mole
Fertilization of ovum by 2 sperm or diploid sperm (triploidy). no choriocarcinoma risk. mixture of normal & edematous villi, fetal parts present
partial hydatidiform mole
Fertilization of ovum by 2 sperm or diploid sperm (triploidy). no choriocarcinoma risk. mixture of normal & edematous villi, fetal parts present
invasive hydatidiform mole
villi invade uterine wall & vessels, may perforate uterus leading to heatogenous spread. difficult to distinguish from choriocarcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
Malignant tumor of trophobloasts, same risk factors as mole. hemorrhagic/necrotic, atypical trophoblasts w/out true villus, METASTASIS, elevated HCG
Choriocarcinoma
Malignant tumor of trophobloasts, same risk factors as mole. hemorrhagic/necrotic, atypical trophoblasts w/out true villus, METASTASIS, elevated HCG
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
young obese women, increased androgen synthesis (abnormal 17alpha-hydroxylase activity), persistent anovulation, hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, peripheral insulin resistance (disproportionate to degree of obesity), progesterone deficiency. increased estrogen levels may also lead to endometrial hyperplasia & adenocarcinoma.
Microscopically: numerous subcapsular follicular cysts
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
young obese women, increased androgen synthesis (abnormal 17alpha-hydroxylase activity), persistent anovulation, hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, peripheral insulin resistance (disproportionate to degree of obesity), progesterone deficiency. increased estrogen levels may also lead to endometrial hyperplasia & adenocarcinoma.
Microscopically: numerous subcapsular follicular cysts
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
young obese women, increased androgen synthesis (abnormal 17alpha-hydroxylase activity), persistent anovulation, hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, peripheral insulin resistance (disproportionate to degree of obesity), progesterone deficiency. increased estrogen levels may also lead to endometrial hyperplasia & adenocarcinoma.
Microscopically: numerous subcapsular follicular cysts
Germ Cell Tumors (Mature cystic teratomas)
Similar to testicular tumors, mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst), 25% of all ovarian teratomas, occur in younger women or girls, 1% malignant transfomation
Serous Cystadenoma (benign ovarian epithelial cancer)
serous or mucinous, unilocular or multilocular. single layer of well-differentiated cliliated columnar epithelium (serous) or mucin producing glandular (mucinous)
Borderline ovarian epithelial cancer
serous or mucinous. epithelial atypia & increased mitotic activity. excellent prognosis following surgical removal
Serous adenocarcinoma
serous, papillary growth pattern w/ psammoma bodies and frank invasion. mucinous, endometrial, clear cell, & transitional cell types. lymphatic spread, poor prognosis
Mucinous Cystadenoma
serous or mucinous, unilocular or multilocular. single layer of well-differentiated cliliated columnar epithelium (serous) or mucin producing glandular (mucinous)
salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tube, typically due to an ascending infection (N. gonorrhea, E. coli, C. trachomatis, mycoplasma). Acute infection = PMNs. Chronic = plasma cells & lymphocytes, may lead to impaired fertility and/or ectopic pregnancies due to tubular damage. May lead to PID. Blocked tube may cause purulent or serous exudate.
ectopic pregnancy
Implantation of fertilized ovum outside the uterus (95% fallopian tubes). tubal wall typically perforated by 12th week, leads to severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage
Ovarian Follicle Cysts
Thin walled, <5cm diameter, develop pre-menopause, lined by granulosa cells w/ inner theca cells. Associated w/ precocious puberty, menstrual irregularities, & intraperitoneal bleeding
Ovarian Corpus Luteum Cysts
yellow wall w/ central hemorrhage, prolonged progesterone synthesis, menstrual irregularities
Ovarian Theca Lutein Cysts
multiple/bilateral proliferation of theca lutein cells, caused by high HCG levels, intra-abdominal hemorrhage secondary to rupture
Mature Cystic Teratoma
25% of ovarian tumors, caused by autofertilization, skin, hair, glands, teeth, often present, 1% malignant
Mature Cystic Teratoma
25% of ovarian tumors, caused by autofertilization, skin, hair, glands, teeth, often present, 1% malignant
Fibroma
Benigh, whitish, solid, well-differentiated fibroblasts & collagen
Meigs Syndrome = fibroma w/ ascites & pleural effusion
Thecoma
Benign, post-menopause, estrogen producing, lipid laden theca cells yellowish solid tumor
Metastatic Tumor to the Ovary
mimics primary ovarian tumor. most common primary sites: breast, large intestine, endometrium, stomach
Krukenberg tumor - adenocarcinoma w/ signet ring morphology, metastatic to the ovary 75% gastric, 25% colonic
epithelial ovarian tumors
most common ovarian tumor, result of repeated disruption and repair of surface epithelium (more common in nulliparous women, decreased incidence w/ birth control), increased incidence w/ BRCA-1
Presents as: Cystadenoma (benign), borderline, cystadenocarcinoma (malignant), may show serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, or transitional cell differentiation