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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of tumor excludes skeletal, epithelial, viscera, coverings of the brain, and lymphoreticular systems?
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soft tissue tumors
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Where are the top two locations for soft tissue tumors to develop?
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lower extremities (thigh) and trunk/retroperitoneum
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How can you differentiate benign and malignant soft tissue tumors by border?
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benign: infiltrative borders
malignant: pushing borders (this is the opposite of epithelial tumors) |
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Name five characteristics of malignant soft tissue tumors?
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pushing borders, hypercellularity, increased mitoses, cellular atypia, tumoral necrosis
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When do most soft tissue tumors present?
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old age
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What age group gets rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and liposarcoma?
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rhabdomyosarcoma: children, adolescents
synovial sarcoma: ages 20-40 malignant fibrous histiocytoma: adults liposarcoma: adults |
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Which comes first when a soft tissue tumor presents?
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swelling then pain
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When sarcomas metastasize through the blood stream, where does it go?
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lungs and liver
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Name four soft tissue tumors that metastasize to lymph nodes?
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synovial sarcoma, epithelioid sarcomas, sarcomas with epithelioid differentiation, rhabdomyosarcoma
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Name a diagnostic translocation associated with rhabdomyosarcoma (alveolar type).
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t(2,13) - fusion of PAX3 and FKHR
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Name 6 tissues of origin from which a soft tissue tumor might develop?
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fat (lip-)
fibroblast (fibro-) skeletal muscle (rhabdomyo-) smooth muscle (leiomyo-) endothelial (hemangio-/angio-) peripheral nerve (neuro-) |
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What is the most common soft tissue tumor of adulthood?
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lipoma
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How do atypical lipomas and well differentiated liposarcomas differ in presentation?
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atypical lipoma: occurs in extremities, easily resected, rarely recurs
well differentiated liposarcomas: occurs in retroperitoneum, found when producing compression symptoms, hard to resect, recurs frequently and can kill |
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Name a rapidly growing fibrous lesion?
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nodular fasciitis
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What demographic of people does myositis ossificans occur in?
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athletic adolescents
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Which superficial fibromatoses is associated with alcoholism?
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Dupuytren's contractures
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What aggressive fibromatoses presents in pregnant women?
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abdominal desmoid
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What aggressive fibromatoses presents in patients with Gardner's syndrome?
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intra-abdominal desmoids
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What is Gardner's syndrome?
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adenomatous polyps of the colon, osteochondromas, and sebaceous cysts
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How do you treat fibromatoses? What is the prognosis?
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wide excision, do not use radiation/chemo because they don't metastasize, they have a 50% recurrence rate and the recurrence rate increases with each subsequent recurrence
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What tumor presents as bland spindle cells in a storiform pattern?
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benign fibrous histiocytoma
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Tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation are almost always (benign/malignant).
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malignant
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What is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma of childhood? most frequent sarcoma in general?
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rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma
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Describe the histological appearance or rhabdomyosarcoma.
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small round blue cell tumor, cells have eccentric eosinophilic cytoplasm with sarcomere filaments, positive staining for actin desmin and myoglobin,
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What tumor has cells with cigar shaped nuclei
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leiomyosarcomas
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What is the common name for a leiomyoma?
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fibroids, common cause for hysterectomy!
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What is the most common neural tumor?
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schwannoma
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How does schwannoma differ from neurofibroma?
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schwannoma: tumor arises outside the nerve
neurofibroma: tumor arises within the nerve |
