Pathology- Nutritional Diseases (Test 2)

Front 1

What refers to PEM and results from inadequate intake of proteins and calories, or, deficiencies in digestion or absorption of proteins, resulting in the loss of fat and muscle tissue, weight loss, lethargy and generalized weakness.

Back 1

Malnutrition
PEM refers to protein energy malnutrition

Front 2

Most causes of ___ are related to poverty, acute and chronic infections and illness, chronic alcoholism, ignorance and failure of diet supplementation, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, self-imposed dietary restriction and astrointestinal/malabsorption syndromes.

Back 2

Malnutrition

Front 3

What do primary PEM clincial appearances include?

Back 3

-marasmus (emaciated appearance related to marked loss of muscle mass and subcutaneous fat)
-kwashiorkor (characterized by generalized edema seen as ascites and puffiness of the face, hands and legs)

Front 4

What do primary PEM clinical result from?

Back 4

a dietary intake of protein and calories inadequate to meet the body's needs

Front 5

What do the secondary causes of PEM include?

Back 5

cachexia, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia

Front 6

What is a secondary cause of PEM that is a common complication in patients with AIDS or advanced cancers and is characterized by extreme weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy, anemia, and edema?

Back 6

Cachexia

Front 7

Death from Cachexia may result from what?

Back 7

atrophy of the diaphragm and respiratory muscles

Front 8

What is a secondary cause of PEM and represents self-induced starvation and has the highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder?

Back 8

Anorexia nervosa

Front 9

Which secondary cause of PEM represents a condition where an individual binges on food and then induces vomiting?

Back 9

Bulimia

Front 10

Vitamin deficiencies can be either primary (origin- ___) or secondary (origin-___).

Back 10

- diet origin
-disturbances in intestinal absorption

Front 11

Which vitamin deficiency manifestations include night blindness and keratinization of normally non-keratinizing epithelium, especially the respiratory epithelium, sclera, conjunctiva and oral mucous membranes?

Back 11

Vitamin A

Front 12

What are the main functions of Vitamin A?

Back 12

maintenance of normal vision, cell growth and differentiation, and resistance to infection

Front 13

Which vitamins main function is primarily to maintain calcium balance by aiding in the absorption of calcium from the intestine?

Back 13

Vitamin D

Front 14

The effects of which vitamin deficiency are noted in bone as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults?

Back 14

effects of hypovitaminosis D

Front 15

___ occurs when there is a failure of calcification of cartilage that normally occurs at growing epiphyses; not only is the cartilage not calcified, it is also not resorbed and thus produces weak "knobby" bones.

Back 15

rickets

Front 16

___ occurs when bone is altered so that osteoid does not calcify and ultimately much of the bone consists of osteoid that can lead to bone deformities.

Back 16

osteomalacia

Front 17

Which vitamin is needed for the synthesis of collagen and a deficiency in it produces scurvy?

Back 17

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Front 18

In adults, a deficiency in which vitamin produces swelling and bleeding of the gingiva, and ecchymoses and petechiae of the skin and mucus membranes?

Back 18

Vitamin C

Front 19

What are the characteristics of infantile scurvy?

Back 19

subperiosteal hemorrhage and bone deformities due to decreased osteoid formation, which is secondary to defective collagen formation

Front 20

Which Vitamin functions in blood coagulation and a deficiency results in hemorrhaging?

Back 20

Vitamin K

Front 21

Vitamin B complex manifestations of ___ deficiency include degeneration of sensory and motor nerves?

Back 21

thiamine

Front 22

What deficiency leads to cheilitis and angular cheilosis, atrophy of filiform papillae?

Back 22

Riboflavin

Front 23

What deficiency results in diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and diffuse erythema of the tongue and mucous membranes?

Back 23

Niacin

Front 24

What deficiency resembles pellagra?

Back 24

Pyridoxine

Front 25

What deficiency leads to macrocytic anemia and glossitis?

Back 25

folic acid

Front 26

What increases the risk for type II diabetes mellitus and thus cardiovascular disease?

Back 26

obesity

Front 27

Obesity is the main driving force for what?

Back 27

the metabolic syndrome

Front 28

What is associated w/ non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that can lead to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis?

Back 28

obesity

Front 29

What incidence is much higher in obese verses lean individuals?

Back 29

gallstones

Front 30

What is refered to as the accumulation of adipose tissue so that it impairs the health?

Back 30

obesity