Pathology Module 3 Part A

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acute

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of short duration or occurring suddenly

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cardinal signs of inflammation

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rubor - redness • tumor - swelling • calor - heat • dolor - pain • functio laesa - loss of function or impaired function

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chemical mediators -

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- a variety of chemicals secreted by various cells and from injured tissue involved in the inflammatory response, e.g. histamine. Responsible for mediating vascular and cellular responses in inflammation.

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chemotaxis

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phenomenon that guides and attracts white blood cells (WBCs) to the site of injury. Chemotactic agents include some of the chemical mediators, antibodies, products from bacteria and dead tissue.

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chronic

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long-standing; occurring over a long period of time

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exudate

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fluid accumulation outside of a vessel; it has a high protein content and contains various types of inflammatory cells

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hyperemia

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excess of blood in a part

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leukocyte

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Or white blood cell (WBC); the cell type that predominates in acute inflammation is the polymorphonuclear WBC (PMN) or the neutrophil

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leukocytosis

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A transient increase in the number of leukocytes (WBCs) in the blood

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monocyte / macrophage

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another type of white blood cell; as inflammatory process continues these cells finish off what the neutrophils begin and continue to clean up the debris; macro = large; phage = eater

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permeability

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the degree of selectivity a membrane shows in allowing substances to pass through or in preventing passage; "leakiness"

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phagocytosis

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- a process in which a cell takes particles and substances into itself for destruction; phago = eating, cyto = cell. E.g. a neutrophil can engulf (phagocytize) foreign particles, bacteria, dead material or other debris

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pyrogen

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a fever-producing substance

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transudate

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- in this case the fluid contains little, if any protein or cells, and is usually due to changes in hydrostatic pressure or osmotic pressure in the blood vessel (also see later module on "Disturbed Blood Flow").

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vasodilation

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increase in size or diameter of a blood vessel; brought about by chemical mediators

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Pavementing

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White blood cells adhere to the endothelial cells on the vessel wall to start it's transmigration through the fenistrations.

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Rolling

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The rolling if the white blood cell to adhere to the next selectin for the white blood cell's intigrins to temporarily bind to