Pathology Midterm

Front 1

Antibody

Back 1

Protein produced by the body in response to the presence of a specific antigen

Front 2

Antigen

Back 2

Any foreign substance that can stimulate an immune response

Front 3

Autolysis

Back 3

Death of cells and tissues in a dead animal due to a lack of oxygen supply

Front 4

Bacterial translocation

Back 4

The movement of bacteria or bacterial products across the intestinal lining to either the lymphatics or peripheral blood circulation

Front 5

Bacterin

Back 5

An immunization against a bacterial agent

Front 6

Biological vector

Back 6

An organism in whose body a micro-organism develops or multiplies prior to entering the definitive hose

Front 7

Carrier

Back 7

A living organism that serves as host to an infection yet shows no clinical signs of the disease

Front 8

Clinical signs

Back 8

Objective changes an observer can see or measure in a patient

Front 9

Congenital

Back 9

A disease present at birth or develops due to the effects of some etiological factor on the developing embryo/fetus, or mother during or before pregnancy

Front 10

Contagious infectious disease

Back 10

An infectious disease that can be passed from one animal to another

Front 11

Disease

Back 11

Any changes from the state of health disrupting homeostasis

Front 12

Etiology

Back 12

The study of the causes of disease

Front 13

Endemic

Back 13

A disease that is present in the community at all times

Front 14

Fomite

Back 14

An inanimate object that transmits a contagious infectious disease

Front 15

Hereditary

Back 15

A disease or disorder that can be passed on from either or both parents to their offspring

Front 16

Homeostasis

Back 16

The ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment within certain constant ranges

Front 17

Horizontal disease transmission

Back 17

Transmission of disease among unrelated animals; can occur through direct contact or vectors. Horizontal disease transmission occurs when an animal comes in contact with a disease in his or hers environment.

Front 18

Incubation Period

Back 18

The period of time from when a pathogen enters the body until signs of disease occur.

Front 19

Infection

Back 19

Invasion and multiplication of micro-organisms in body tissues.

Front 20

Infectious disease

Back 20

A disease caused by a micro-organism

Front 21

Latent infection

Back 21

An infection where the individual does not show signs of disease, unless under stressful conditions

Front 22

Local disease

Back 22

A disease that affects a small area or part of the body

Front 23

Mechanical vector

Back 23

An organism that transmits a microorganism by moving it from one location to another

Front 24

Morbidity

Back 24

The number of deaths among exposed or infected individuals

Front 25

Necrosis

Back 25

Death of cells or tissues in a living animal

Front 26

Palliative

Back 26

Relieving clinical signs/symptoms without curing disease

Front 27

Pathogen

Back 27

An infectious agent or microorganism

Front 28

Pathognomonic sign

Back 28

A hallmark sign or one that is unique to a particular disease

Front 29

Pathology

Back 29

the study of disease

Front 30

Prognosis

Back 30

the estimate of the likely outcome of disease

Front 31

reservoir

Back 31

a carrier or alternative host that maintains an organism in the environment

Front 32

resistance

Back 32

the ability to ward off disease (immune)

Front 33

subclinical or inapparent infection

Back 33

an infection where clinical signs cannot be observed

Front 34

susceptibility

Back 34

the lack of immunity or vulnerability to disease

Front 35

symptom

Back 35

subjective changes not obvious to the observer, requiring the patient to report them

Front 36

systemic disease

Back 36

a disease that affects a number of organs/tissues or body systems

Front 37

vaccine

Back 37

an immunization against a viral agent

Front 38

vertical disease transmission

Back 38

transmission of disease from parent to offspring in the period prior to birth or immediately after birth. ex transplacental transmission of disease or transmission through colostrum or lactation.

Front 39

zoonotic disease

Back 39

an infectious disease that can be passed from animal to human

Front 40

5 signs of inflammation

Back 40

redness, swelling, pain, heat, and loss of function

Front 41

2 main blood cells involved in acute inflammation

Back 41

neutrophyls and mast cells

Front 42

3 main blood cells involved in chronic inflammation

Back 42

macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells

Front 43

4 infectious agents

Back 43

bacterial, viral, fungal, and yeast

Front 44

Name the condition where there is the deposition of urate crystals or urates in tissues that occur in birds and reptiles

Back 44

gout

Front 45

What is the difference between reversible and irreversible cell injury

Back 45

Reversible- can be stopped and brought back

Irreversible- the tissue is dead

Front 46

Most common form of necrosis occurring in many solid organs

Back 46

coagulative necrosis

Front 47

Congenital disease

Back 47

disease which an animal is born with

Front 48

idiopathic disease

Back 48

disease which we do not (yet) know the cause of

Front 49

hereditary disease

Back 49

diseases that an be passed from one or both parents to their offspring

Front 50

acquired disease

Back 50

disease which develops at some stage during life as a result of the effects of one or more etiological agents acting during life

Front 51

First phase of inflammation

Back 51

transient period of arteriole constriction supplying the capillary bed

Front 52

second phase of inflammation

Back 52

ateriole and capillary dilation occur

Front 53

thirdphase of inflammation

Back 53

chemical mediator cause mast cells to degranulate

Front 54

fourthphase of inflammation

Back 54

histamine causes vascular permability by stimulating endothelial cells to contract

Front 55

fifthphase of inflammation

Back 55

neutrophils exit capillaries into the interstitial fluid

Front 56

final phase of inflammation

Back 56

neutrophils ingest and destroy invading substances

Front 57

3 phases of wound healing

Back 57

inflammatory, granulation, and maturation

Front 58

IgA

Back 58

binds to potential agent, found in colostrum, found in body secretions

Front 59

IgM

Back 59

defends against viruses/immune responses

Front 60

IgE

Back 60

present during type 1 hypersensitivities

Front 61

IgG

Back 61

can cross the placental barrier in some species

Front 62

IgD

Back 62

not found in all species

Front 63

how long does it take to clone and produce antibodies

Back 63

7-10 days

Front 64

What is the function of plasma cells

Back 64

make antibodies

Front 65

what is the first rule of wound management

Back 65

wear gloves

Front 66

One hour after being vaccinated, a puppy develops a sudden swelling and pruritus of the lips, eyelids, and nose. What is the most likely cause of these signs?

Back 66

immediate hypersensitivity

Front 67

The process that transforms B cells into plasma cells to produce protective proteins called antibodies is

Back 67

humoral immunity

Front 68

Bone marrow is not a major site of

Back 68

lymphocyte production

Front 69

On complete blood count, what cannot be found in an infection

Back 69

narrow buffy coat

Front 70

Give 4 examples of factors which may impair or prevent healing

Back 70

age, immunity, movement, and pregnancy

Front 71

Example of type 1 hypersensitivity

Back 71

anaphylactic shock

Front 72

Example of type 2 hypersensitivity

Back 72

blood transfusion

Front 73

Example of type 3 hypersensitivity

Back 73

widespread inflammation

Front 74

Example of type 4 hypersensitivity

Back 74

allergic contact dermatitis