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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Otitis media is caused by what bacterium?
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Haemophilus influenza
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None
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What do you call an antibiotic biotic which targets both G+ and G- bacteria?
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Broad spectrum antibiotic
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What is EKC?
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Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis = damages the cornea some.
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What age group is typically affected by EKC?
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Adults
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What is PCF?
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Pharyngoconjunctivitis fever = pink eye associated with sore throat and fever
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What age group is typically affected by PCF?
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Children
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Is E. coli G+ or G-?
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Gram negative (Just like Haemophillus influenza)
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Gram stain is positive for:
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G+ bacteria (Thick peptidoglycan, no outer CM)
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Antibiotics primarily affect:
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G+ bacteria (Inhibit production of thick peptidoglycan wall)
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Give some examples of beta-lactam antibiotics (4):
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Penicillin, Imipenem, Cephalosporin, & Clavulanate
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None
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What is the etymology behind "staphylococcus aureus?"
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"a bunch of golden grapes." [grapes, golden]
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How are bacterial infections transmitted?
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Touch/respiration
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List 3 ways Staph. a. evades host defense systems:
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Leukotoxin (kills WBCs)/α-hemolysin (kills RBCs), Catalase: converts H2O2 → H2O + ½O2, & Coagulase: activates fibrinogen to make fibrin (clotting).
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Give two ways in which Strep. p. evades host defenses:
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α-hemolysin (kills RBCs) & capsule (protection)
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None
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What is the Hib vaccination for protecting against?
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Bacterial Meningitis
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None
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Is H. influenza G+ or G-?
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Gram negative (Just like e.coli. All other bacteria discussed were G+)
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Give two ways in which H. influenza evades host defenses:
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Capsule (PRP: poly-ribosyl ribitol phosphate) = helps evade host defenses (complement & phagocytosis) & Makes IgA proteases = can survive in eyes
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What is adenovirus associated with?
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Pink eye (viral conjunctivitis)
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What does HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) have?
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A virus capsid surrounded by an amorphic nuclear membranous envelope
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What is the most common cause of virus-associated blindness?
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HS Keratitis = infection of epithelial cells.
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What does the envelope of a VZV look like?
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Circular (c.f. amorphous HSV envelope)
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What virus could be responsible for anterior uveitis?
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CMV
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"Brush Fire" appearance:
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CMV
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What virus could be responsible for oral cancer?
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EBV
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What virus is responsible for Kapoci's sarcoma?
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HHV-8
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None
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"Snow flake" appearance:
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HS Keratitis = infection of epithelial cells.
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What are the 3 phases of an HIV infection?
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1. ARC, 2. Clinically Asymptomatic Phase, 3. Full-blown AIDS
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What's the CD4 count during ARC?
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CD4 count > 500 cells
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What decreases during ARC?
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CD4 count
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What increases during ARC?
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Immune response (CD8s, etc.)
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Name one ocular manifestation of AIDS:
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Cotton wool spots
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What's the CD4 count to reac full-blown AIDS?
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CD4 count < 200 cells
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What are the two major types of viral conjunctivitis?
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EKC (Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis) & PCF (Pharyngoconjunctivitis fever)
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What is an adenovirus?
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Adenovirus [discovered in adenoid tonsils] = a DNA virus which causes most respiratory diseases (and can lead to viral conjunctivitis).
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