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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What does "Calor" mean?

page 23
Heat
What does "Rubor" mean?

page 23
Redness
What does "Tumor" mean?

page 23
Swelling
What does "Dolor" mean?

page 23
Pain
What does "Functio Laesa" mean?

page 23
Loss of Function
Inflammation is a reaction to an injurious agent that -

page 23
Triggers the healing process
During acute inflammation, name the 3 vascular changes that occur.

page 24
1) Vasoconstriction then vasodialation
2) Stasis
3) Margination
During the vasocontriction & vasodialation stage of acute inflammation, what is the significant change that occurs in the vessels?

page 24
Increased vascular permeability - vessels start to leak
During which vascular change of acute inflammation does Calor & Rubor occur?

page 24
Vasoconstriction then vasodialation
What is it called when WBCs begin to stick to the sides of the vessel wall?

page 24
Margination
What is it called when WBCs pass through the vessel wall via the permeation that occurs during vasodialation?

page 24
Emigration
What is it called when WBCs pass through the vessel wall via diffusion into the interstitial space?

page 24
Diapedesis
What is the process of WBCs directing other WBCs to a site of injury?

page 24
Chemotaxis and Activation
What are the 3 stages of Phagocytosis?

page 25
1) Recognition and attachment
2) Engulfment
3) Killing of ingested material
What is phagocytosis?

page 25
Cellular eating
What is Leukocyte Induced Tissue Injury?

page 25
Too many WBCs in a region leading to damage of normal tissue in the area.
What are the 3 functions of Leukocytes?

page 25
Bactericidal
Phagocytosis
Production of mediators
What are 2 possible outcomes of Acute Inflammation?

page 27
Complete Resolution
Failed Resolution
What is the basic definition of Complete Resolution?

page 27
100% restoration of tissues
What are 4 requirements for Complete Resolution?

page 27
1) Vessels stop leaking
2) Removal of excess fluid and protiens by lymphatics or by lymphocyte pinocytosis.
3) Phagocytosis of apoptotic WBCs and debris by macrophages
4) Removal of macrophages via lymphatic system
What is the basic definition of Failed Resolution?

page 28
Scarring or fibrosis
What are 3 indicators of Failed Resolution?

page 28
Abscess
Ulcer
Fistula
What is an abscess?

page 28
Local collection of pus buried in tissue.
What is an ulcer?

page 28
Erosion or sloughing of necrotic tissue
What is a fistula?

page 28
An abnormal passageway between organs or organ to surface.
Describe the progression to chronic inflammation.

page 28
Constant presence of WBCs in site of injury, perpetuating the inflammation cycle as they destroy healthy tissue.
What is the role of the lymphatic system in inflammation?

page 28
Lymph vessels drain fluid from the inflamed interstitial spaces.
What are the 6 systemic effects of inflammation?

page 28
Fever
Malaise
Anorexia
Atrophy (accelerated degeneration of the skeletal muscle)
Hypotension
Alterations in the circulating WBCs
What are classic signs of inflammation?

page 29
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
What is the role of chemical mediators of inflammation?

page 26
Chemicals derived from the plasma or by local production from cells that may:
Stimulate target cells to release secondary effector molecules.

Act on a few target cells, or have widespread activity

Have potential to cause harmful effects.
What are the 2 types of Wound Repair?

page 31
Regeneration
Healing
Which wound repair type results in no scarring?

page 31
Regernation
What are 3 requirements for regeneration?

page 32
Enough viable connective tissue surrounding the injury.

Cells involved can grow and/or divide

Sufficient quantity of surviving, viable cells.
What are Quiescent cells?

page 32
Cells that undergo division only when activated. These are capable of regeneration.
What are Continuously dividing (labile) cells?

page 32
Cells that divide actively throughout life.
What are Nondividing (permanant) cells?

page 32
Cells that are incapable of regeneration and are replaced by scar tissue.
When are the 3 cases of scar tissue formation?

page 33
When regenration fails.
When there is ongoing tissue necrosis.
When cell necrosis cannot be repaired by regeneration.
Name the 5 Key Processes of Fibrosis.

page 33
1) Removal of debris
2) Formation of granulation tissue
3) Scar remodeling
4) Maturation of scar
5) Contraction and strengthening
What is angiogenesis and when does it occur?

page 33
The formation of new blood vessels during acute inflammation.
What is granulation tissue?

page 33
A highly vascular connective tissue composed of newly formed capillaries, proliferating fibroblasts, and residual inflammatory cells.
What happens during Scar remodeling?

page 33
Collagen is continually being replaced within scar tissue.
What are key aspects of a wound healing by First Intention?

page 34
Clean and well defined injury
Formation of little to no granulation tissue
What are the causes of Secondary Intention?

page 35
Inability to achieve apposition.
Foreign material in the wound
Necrosis
Infection
What are the characteristics of Secondary Intention?

page 35
Greater volume of necrotic tissue
Greater amounts of granulation tissue
Wound contraction
What is the tensile strength of a scar within the following time periods:

1st Week
4th Week
Several Months

page 35
1st week: 10% of original integrity
4th week: 30%-50%
Several months: 80%-90%
What is a Keloid?

page 36
Elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to excessive collagen production.
What are Contractures?

page 36
Scarring that causes loss of ROM and can be painful.
What are some reasons for delayed wound healing?

page 36
Infection
Size of injury
Foreign debris
Age
Nutritional deficiency
Less vascular tissue
Medications
Re-injury
Genetics