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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does "Calor" mean?
page 23 |
Heat
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What does "Rubor" mean?
page 23 |
Redness
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What does "Tumor" mean?
page 23 |
Swelling
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What does "Dolor" mean?
page 23 |
Pain
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What does "Functio Laesa" mean?
page 23 |
Loss of Function
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Inflammation is a reaction to an injurious agent that -
page 23 |
Triggers the healing process
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During acute inflammation, name the 3 vascular changes that occur.
page 24 |
1) Vasoconstriction then vasodialation
2) Stasis 3) Margination |
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During the vasocontriction & vasodialation stage of acute inflammation, what is the significant change that occurs in the vessels?
page 24 |
Increased vascular permeability - vessels start to leak
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During which vascular change of acute inflammation does Calor & Rubor occur?
page 24 |
Vasoconstriction then vasodialation
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What is it called when WBCs begin to stick to the sides of the vessel wall?
page 24 |
Margination
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What is it called when WBCs pass through the vessel wall via the permeation that occurs during vasodialation?
page 24 |
Emigration
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What is it called when WBCs pass through the vessel wall via diffusion into the interstitial space?
page 24 |
Diapedesis
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What is the process of WBCs directing other WBCs to a site of injury?
page 24 |
Chemotaxis and Activation
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What are the 3 stages of Phagocytosis?
page 25 |
1) Recognition and attachment
2) Engulfment 3) Killing of ingested material |
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What is phagocytosis?
page 25 |
Cellular eating
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What is Leukocyte Induced Tissue Injury?
page 25 |
Too many WBCs in a region leading to damage of normal tissue in the area.
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What are the 3 functions of Leukocytes?
page 25 |
Bactericidal
Phagocytosis Production of mediators |
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What are 2 possible outcomes of Acute Inflammation?
page 27 |
Complete Resolution
Failed Resolution |
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What is the basic definition of Complete Resolution?
page 27 |
100% restoration of tissues
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What are 4 requirements for Complete Resolution?
page 27 |
1) Vessels stop leaking
2) Removal of excess fluid and protiens by lymphatics or by lymphocyte pinocytosis. 3) Phagocytosis of apoptotic WBCs and debris by macrophages 4) Removal of macrophages via lymphatic system |
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What is the basic definition of Failed Resolution?
page 28 |
Scarring or fibrosis
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What are 3 indicators of Failed Resolution?
page 28 |
Abscess
Ulcer Fistula |
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What is an abscess?
page 28 |
Local collection of pus buried in tissue.
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What is an ulcer?
page 28 |
Erosion or sloughing of necrotic tissue
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What is a fistula?
page 28 |
An abnormal passageway between organs or organ to surface.
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Describe the progression to chronic inflammation.
page 28 |
Constant presence of WBCs in site of injury, perpetuating the inflammation cycle as they destroy healthy tissue.
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What is the role of the lymphatic system in inflammation?
page 28 |
Lymph vessels drain fluid from the inflamed interstitial spaces.
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What are the 6 systemic effects of inflammation?
page 28 |
Fever
Malaise Anorexia Atrophy (accelerated degeneration of the skeletal muscle) Hypotension Alterations in the circulating WBCs |
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What are classic signs of inflammation?
page 29 |
Heat
Redness Swelling Pain Loss of function |
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What is the role of chemical mediators of inflammation?
page 26 |
Chemicals derived from the plasma or by local production from cells that may:
Stimulate target cells to release secondary effector molecules. Act on a few target cells, or have widespread activity Have potential to cause harmful effects. |
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What are the 2 types of Wound Repair?
page 31 |
Regeneration
Healing |
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Which wound repair type results in no scarring?
page 31 |
Regernation
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What are 3 requirements for regeneration?
page 32 |
Enough viable connective tissue surrounding the injury.
Cells involved can grow and/or divide Sufficient quantity of surviving, viable cells. |
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What are Quiescent cells?
page 32 |
Cells that undergo division only when activated. These are capable of regeneration.
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What are Continuously dividing (labile) cells?
page 32 |
Cells that divide actively throughout life.
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What are Nondividing (permanant) cells?
page 32 |
Cells that are incapable of regeneration and are replaced by scar tissue.
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When are the 3 cases of scar tissue formation?
page 33 |
When regenration fails.
When there is ongoing tissue necrosis. When cell necrosis cannot be repaired by regeneration. |
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Name the 5 Key Processes of Fibrosis.
page 33 |
1) Removal of debris
2) Formation of granulation tissue 3) Scar remodeling 4) Maturation of scar 5) Contraction and strengthening |
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What is angiogenesis and when does it occur?
page 33 |
The formation of new blood vessels during acute inflammation.
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What is granulation tissue?
page 33 |
A highly vascular connective tissue composed of newly formed capillaries, proliferating fibroblasts, and residual inflammatory cells.
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What happens during Scar remodeling?
page 33 |
Collagen is continually being replaced within scar tissue.
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What are key aspects of a wound healing by First Intention?
page 34 |
Clean and well defined injury
Formation of little to no granulation tissue |
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What are the causes of Secondary Intention?
page 35 |
Inability to achieve apposition.
Foreign material in the wound Necrosis Infection |
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What are the characteristics of Secondary Intention?
page 35 |
Greater volume of necrotic tissue
Greater amounts of granulation tissue Wound contraction |
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What is the tensile strength of a scar within the following time periods:
1st Week 4th Week Several Months page 35 |
1st week: 10% of original integrity
4th week: 30%-50% Several months: 80%-90% |
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What is a Keloid?
page 36 |
Elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to excessive collagen production.
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What are Contractures?
page 36 |
Scarring that causes loss of ROM and can be painful.
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What are some reasons for delayed wound healing?
page 36 |
Infection
Size of injury Foreign debris Age Nutritional deficiency Less vascular tissue Medications Re-injury Genetics |