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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Etiology?
page 7 |
The study of the cause of disease.
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What is Epidemiology?
page 7 |
The study of the frequency and distribution of disease.
(Who gets it and how often) |
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What are 2 types of Pathogens?
page 3 |
Endogenous
Exogenous |
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What is a Pathogen?
page 3 |
Any disease producing microorganism
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What are Endogenous pathogens?
page 3 |
Develops or originates within the being.
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What are Exogenous pathogens?
page 3 |
Develops or originates outside the body
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What is Pathogenesis?
page 7 |
The development of a disease
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What is Pathology?
page 7 |
The study of the essential nature of the disease
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What are 2 types of Clinical manifestations?
page 7 |
Signs
Symptoms |
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What is Clinical Manifestation?
page 7 |
The presentation of the disease
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What are clinical manifestation Signs?
page 7 |
Physical observations and measures. Objective data.
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What are clinical manifestation Symptoms?
page 7 |
Perceptions of the client; subjective data.
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What is Functional Significance?
page 8 |
The impact of the disease on the individual.
How the disease affects the body on a daily basis. |
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What is Prognosis?
page 8 |
The expected or probable outcome of a disease
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Discuss what is wrong with the statement "Massage Therapy is contraindicated." ?
page 4 |
To be contraindicated implies that massage therapy will either be of no benefit, or can negatively impact the client. But with so many modalities, there is always some form of massage therapy that will not cause harm/insult to a condition. Coupled with the proven effects of massage therapy eliminates the ability to claim that massage therapy lacks benefit and eliminates possible harm.
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What are 2 types of Exogenesis pathogens?
page 3 |
Idiopathoc
Iatrogenic |
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What is Idiopathic?
page 3 |
Unknown or spontaneous cause of an exogenesis pathogen
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What is Iatropic?
page 3 |
Disease caused by treatment
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What is Nosocomial infections?
page 3 |
Disease acquired simply by being hospitalized
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What is an Opportunistic pathogen?
page 3 |
It strikes when the immune system of the body is weakened.
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What is disease?
page 7 |
A structural or functional change within the body judged to be abnormal. A failure of adaptation.
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What is Diagnosis?
page 7 |
The act of naming a disease in an individual
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What is the term Complications?
page 7 |
A disease concurrent with another disease.
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What is Sequela?
page 7 |
Any lesion following or caused by a disease
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What is a Lesion?
page 7 |
Structural change in tissue
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What is Treatment?
page 8 |
Management and care of the individual in order to fight off the disease.
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What is Acute?
page 8 |
Rapid onset, short and relativvely severe duration, often followed by rapid resolution.
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What is Chronic?
page 8 |
Persisting over a long period of time, may follow an acute initial episode or have a more insidious onsert.
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What is Intrinsic?
page 8 |
Situated entirely within
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What is Extrinsic?
page 8 |
Coming from or originating outside.
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What is Differentiate?
page 8 |
To distinguish on the basis of differences; to develop specialized form, character, or function from the original.
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List the causes of cell injury?
page 21 |
Hypoxia
Physical Agents Chemical Agents Infectious Agents Immunologic Reactions Genetic Derangements Nutritional imbalances Aging |
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What is the difference between hypoxia and ischemia?
page 13 |
Hypoxia is a lack of oxygen whereas Ischemia is a lack of blood flow.
Ischemia leads to hypoxia. |
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Discuss what happens in a cell that is starved for oxygen.
page 13 |
Lack of oxygen stops mitochondrial production of ATP.
Without ATP, plasma membrane proteins malfunction causing a disruption of ion concentrations within the cell. The accumulation of ions causes water to enter the cell by osmosis. Organelles begin to swell and malfunction. Ribosomes become unable to synthesize proteins, and the cell begins to rely on alternative sources of energy. Acidic by-products accumulate causing damage to the nuclear DNA. The cell membrane breaks up. The cell dies. |
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Describe Free Radical Injury.
page 14 |
An unpaired electron from an atom or molecule can damage lipids, protiens and nucleic acids. Cells have natural defense for a certain amount of free radicals. When production of free radicals exceeds the cells natural defenses injury occurs.
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What are 5 ways cells adapt to stressors in the environment/injury?
page 22 |
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy Atrophy Metaplasia Dysplasia |
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What are similarities between Metaplasia and Dysplasia?
page 16 |
Cells undergo change from one type of cell to another.
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What are differences between Metaplasia and Dysplasia?
page 16 |
Metaplasia is reversible whereas Dysplasia is permanant.
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What is the difference between Necrosis and Apoptosis?
page 17 |
Apoptosis is the programmatic or expected death or deletion of a cell, whereas Necrosis is unplanned cellular death.
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What are 4 common mechanisms of cell injury?
page 12 |
Decreased ATP production
Increaed free radical production Buildup of too much calcium in the cell Loss of cell membrane integrity |
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What are 2 types of cellular adaptation to injury?
page 15 |
Physiologic
Pathologic |
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What is Physiologic adaptation?
page 15 |
Response of cells to mornal stimuli
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What is Pathologic adaptation?
page 15 |
Attempt to escape injury from stressor.
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What is Hyperplasia?
page 15 |
Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue
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What are 3 types of Hyperplasia?
page 15 |
Hormonal
Increased functional demand Persistent cell injury |
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What is Hypertrophy?
page 16 |
Increase in the size of cells which leads to an increase in the size of the organ with an increased functional capacity.
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What are 2 causes of Hypertrophy?
page 16 |
Physiologic
Increased functional demand |
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What is Atrophy?
page 16 |
Reduction of cell size due to a loss of substance within the cell
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What are 6 causes of Atrophy?
page 16 |
Reduced functional demand
Inadequate oxygen supply Insufficient nutrients Interruption of trophic signals Persistent cell injury Aging |
