Pathology I Final

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in injured or damaged tissue, the appearance of granulation tissue is indicative of

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healing

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the class of an antibody is determined by

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the type of heavy chains

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T-lymphocytes are mediators of

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type 4 reactions

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obstruction of CSF flow in the ventricular system is called

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communicating hydrocephalus

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raynauds phenomenon typically involves the

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hands

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oral cold sores and fever blisters are typically caused by

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herpes simplex 1 virus

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major basic protein (mbp) is found granules of the

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eosinophil

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centrilobular necrosis is a necrosis of hepatocytes immediately around the

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central vein

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opsonins...

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facilitate recognition and attachment of microorganisms for phagocytosis

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contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis

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smoking
diabetes mellitus
hypertension

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russell bodies are accumulations of newly synthesized

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immunoglobulins

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lymphedema...

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is usually the result of impaired lymphatic drainage

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most carcinomas of the pancreas are in its

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head

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aganglionic segments of colon lacking meissner's submucosal and auerbach's myenteric plexuses is seen in ______ disease and the _____ segment is not distended

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hirschprung's
affected

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the first effect of hypoxia is on the cells

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oxidative phosphorylation by the mitochondria

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_____ deficiency causes wernicke-korsakoff syndrome and is an important cause of peripheral neuropathy as well

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thiamine

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the cutaneous lesions seen in secondary syphillis are called

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condyloma lata

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glycogen storage diseases are a type of ______ disorder/disease

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genetic

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aphthous ulcers of the oral cavity are caused by

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unknown agents

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the principle role of dendritic and langerhans cells in the immune response is

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antigen processing

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complications of emphysema

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cyanosis
pulmonary hypertension
dyspnea

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when stimulated by antigen some b-lymphocytes differentiate into

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plasma cells

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free radical formation through the fenton reaction involves

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iron

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removal of a portion of liver normally results in

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compensatory hyperplasia

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all are associated with an Myocardial Infarction except:
a- sudden and devastating w/ severe, substernal or precordial pain that often radiates to the left shoulder arm & jaw
b- rapid and weak pulse
c- chest pain significantly relieved by nitroglycerin
d- dyspnea

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c is not associated with an MI

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all of the following are causes of left-sided heart failure except
a- pulmonary hypertension
b- ischemic heart disease
c- aortic valve disease
d- mitral valve disease

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a

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anasarea

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severe and systemic edema

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fat emboli most often associated with

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severe skeletal injuries of the long bones

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acute blood loss anemias are

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normocytic, normochromic

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quiescent cells are in a physiological state called

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G0

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russell bodies are found in

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plasma cells

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collapse of lung tissue with a loss of air spaces is

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atelectasis

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an autoimmune disease of the salivary and lacrimal glands that produces xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca is ______ syndrome

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sjogren's

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in the hemolytic anemia, ______, there is a mutation in the gene that makes ankyrin

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hereditary sperocytosis

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collagen is synthesized by

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fibroblasts

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epstein-barr virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of

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burkitts lymphoma
b-cell lymphomas in AIDS patients
hodgkins disease
nasopharyngeal cancer

Front 37

the chief mediator of fever production during an inflammatory response is/are

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IL-1 & TNF

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the reed-sternberg cell is

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found in only hodgkin lymphomas

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warthin's tumor is seen almost exclusively in the _______ gland

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parotid

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wear and tear pigment is

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lipofuscin

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the principle chemical mediator involved in an anaphylactic reaction is

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histamine

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obliterative endarteritis, and its weakening of the thoracic aorta, is a characteristic of

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tertiary syphillis

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heart failure, liver fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus is associated with

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hemochromatosis

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sjogrens syndrome

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characterized by dry eyes and xerostoma
aka - sicca syndrome
predominately in women

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pokilocytosis is an abnormal

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variation in the shape of RBC's

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the most common cause of hypoxia is

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ischemia

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the 2 most important opsonins are

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IgG & C3b

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nephrotic syndrome is characterized by

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hypoalbuminemia

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chronic reflux of gastric juices into the esophagus will produce esophagitis that may develope into

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barrett's esophagus

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t-cytotoxic lymphocytes are recognized by the membrane marker

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CD8

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______ syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by crescentic, usually rapidly progressive glomerulonephrils,, and hemorrhagic pneumonitis

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goodpasture's

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inflammation is

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an immediate and early response to injury

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inflammation occurs in

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vascularized tissue

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phlebothrombosis most commonly occur in

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veins of the lower extremeties

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a left shift is a

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increase in immature neutrophils

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t-helper lymphocytes are recognized by the membrane marker

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CD4

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the single most important cause in delay in healing is

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infection

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singer's nodule is found in/on the

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larynx

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leukocyte movement toward the site of injury along a chemical gradient is

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chemotaxis

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any condition that raises the glucocorticoid levels in the body can produce

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cushing's syndrome

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ascites is also called

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hydroperitonium

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the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is

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unknown

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the disease in which there is pain, even at rest, due to artery, vein, and nerve involvement is _______

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thromboangiitis obliterans

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the strongest association between HLA and a disease is found with

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ankylosing spondylitis

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the most common manifestation of left ventricular failure is

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dyspnea

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opsonins specifically bind to Fc receptors and complement receptors on

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leukocytes

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a transudate

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contains little protein

Front 68

anthracosis is seen in

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lung

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symptomatic ischemic heart disease is typically associated with critical stenosis defined as a _____% or greater reduction in the lumen of one or more coronary arteries

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75%

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which is not a form of arteriosclerosis
a- atherosclerosis
b- polyarteritis nodosa
c- monckeberg's medical calcific sclerosis
d- arteriosclerosis

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b

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megaloblastic anemias are

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macrocytic, hypochromic

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atelectasis is

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a collapse of the lung

Front 73

the type of bronchogenic carcinoma strongly associated with smoking is ______ carcinoma

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small cell

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the most common consequence or complication of an MI is

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cardiac arrhythmias

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mesothelioma of the pleura is associated with exposure to

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asbestos

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a hematoma is

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an accumulation of blood within a tissue

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which form of hepititis is needed to activate hep.D?

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hep. B

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if apical tumors of the lung invade the cervical _____ plexus, symptoms of ______ syndrome may occur

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sympathetic
horner's

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chronic inflammation is characterized by tissue infiltration with

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mononuclear cells

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a mitogen

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stimulates cell division

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maturation of granulocytic leukocytes is reflected in

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the nucleus

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consierable evidence favors _______ as a central factor in the pathogenesis of irreversable cell injury

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membrane damage

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in _____ there is a heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, severe edema

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nephrotic syndrome

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by far, the most common cause of chronic gastritis and mucosal atrophy is

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H. pylori

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anisocytosis is an abnormal

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variation in the size of RBC's

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substituting the amino acid valine for glutamate at the 6th position of the ______ in the hemoglobin molecule is what causes ______

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beta-chain
sickle-cell anemia

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_____ anemia can occur then there is a deficiency of ______

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pernicious anemia
vitamin b-12

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hypertrophy of the heart

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may be triggered by trophic stimulation

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the most common primary lung tumor is

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bronchogenic carcinoma

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allergic rhinitis is a _____ hypersensitivity

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type 1

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paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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patients have intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis

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accumulation of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis is a

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hydrocele

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a gene that contributes to uncontrolled cell growth is

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oncogene

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granulomatous inflammation is characterized by aggregation of activated

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macrophages

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disseminated intravascular coagulation

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is a coagulation factor consuming disorder

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eosinophils are characteristically found in inflammatory sites around infections caused by

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parasites

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the complement system is composed of _____ inactive protein components

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9

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the principle fxn of the MHC molecules is

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to bind antigens for presentation to select immune effector cells

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the most colonic _____ are small, flasklike or spherical outpouchings, usually .5-1cm in diameter. 95% of these pouches are in the _____ colon

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diverticuli
sigmoid

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multiple myeloma

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is a plasma cell disorder

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bence jones proteins are

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light chains

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the most common cause of right sided heart failure is

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left sided heart failure

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fibronectin is a type of

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adhesive glycoprotein

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associated with chorionic bronchitis

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*air pollution and cig smoking are associated etiological factors
*goblet cell metaplasia
*infections may play a role in the disease process

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human papiloma virus is the etiological agent that produces

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squamous hyperplasia

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the protein that is most responsable for maintaining plasma osmotic pressure is

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albumin

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generalized increases in venous pressure, with resultant systemic edema, occur most commonly in

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congestive heart failure

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_____ is right sided heart disease due to restriction of blood flow through the ____

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cor-pulmonale
lungs

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a defect in leukocyte chemotaxis or phagocytosis is responsible for

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chediak-higashi syndrome

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cytokines, in the immune response, particitpate in all of the following except
a- inhibit hematopoiesis
b- regulate lymphocyte growth
c- activate inflammatory cells
d- affect leukocyte movement

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a

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pooling of blood in the venous system with resultant edema due to heart failure is known as ______ failure

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backward

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deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels is thought to be the main cause of ______

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vasculitis

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foam cells are, _____ which have accumulated intracellular cholesterol

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macrophages

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rheumatoid arthritis facts

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- most patients have a chronic progressing course of the disease
- most patients become permanently crippled
- reduced life expectancy
- important cause of reactive amyloidosis

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components of CREST syndrome except
a- cartilage dissolution
b- raynaud phenomenon
c- esophageal dysmotility
d- sclerodactyly
e- telangiectasia

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a

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the dominate influence in thrombus formation is

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endothelial injury

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t-lymphocytes are recognized by the membrane marker

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CD-3

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in acute pancreatitis there are elevated levels of _____ in the serum

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amylase and lipase

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hypoxic death of cells in the central nervous system produces

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liqeufactive necrosis