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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sx's?..."
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"Pouch in esophageal wall
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2. define…"
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"1. Sliding 80-90%, cardia (stomach) --> esophageal hiatus
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lead to…"
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Idiopathic lack of relaxation --> spasms, disphagia, dialated esophagus
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risks…"
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Cirumfrential mucosal folds --> dysphagia in middle aged woman
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Due to…"
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Dialated submucosal esoph viens due to hypertension & liver cirrhosis, fatal rupture
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due to..."
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"Severe vomiting -->Linear, longitudinal, lacerations of distal esophagus
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1-3"
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"1. GERD
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leads to..."
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"Common w/ hiatal hernia, assoc. w/ alcohol/tobacco,
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% --> adenocarcinoma"
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"Distal metaplasia (squam --> columnar ep), due to long term GERD,
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"
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"Ulcers due to immunocomprimised infection, irritants (alcohol, hot tea),
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Esophageal neoplasms ? 2 types Benign
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Papillomas, leiomyoma
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2. Sx's, risk"
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"1. Squamous cell carcinoma (90% of esoph cancer), upper 2/3 esoph, inc risk males, black, china, russia, iran.
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leads to…"
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"Palpable hypertrophy of pyloric circular muscle
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causes…"
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"Mucosal inflam. --> hemorrhage
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Cause…"
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"Helicobacter pylori --> inflam --> atrophy of glands --> meta/dysplasia
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affected.."
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"Antibodies to chief/parietal cells
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Causes…"
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"Defined, round, punched out lesion near lesser curvature.
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1-4…"
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"1. Hemorrhage
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Tx…"
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"50% cancerous tumors (abnormal tummor upressor gene, 30-60 yrs. age)
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Loc…"
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"Common in males > 50, blood type A, poor prognosis
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assoc. w/…"
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"total 4% malignant tumors
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rule of 2's…"
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"5 cm intestinal blind pouch
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assoc. w/…"
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"Congenital megacolon
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1-5"
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"1. Atresia / Stenosis
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1-3"
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"1. Ischemic bowel disease
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90% ,mortality in..."
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"atherosclerotic occ. of 2+ mesenteric arteries
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Sx…"
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"dialation of small vessels in mucosa/submucosa
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causes…"
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"dialated int/external anal venous plexus
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types…"
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"1. ecosystem disturbances (antibiotic resist = C. difficile --> pseudomemb. colitis)
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"
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"toxin prefromed in food or by lytic action in intestine
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Sx.."
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"Psuedomembranes cover ulcers
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"
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"G-, non-invsive enterotoxin, 50% mortality w/o fluid replacement
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spread…"
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"Invades epithelium of distal colon --> inflam & erosion --> dysentary
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path…"
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"1. Rotavirus = small intestine, children 6-24 mo.'s
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%, spread.."
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"1. Giardia lamblia - NON-invasive, small intest, fecal-H2O
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"
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"deficiency in nutrients
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3 causes…"
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"Maldigestion
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Causes…"
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"Intrinsic bowel disease
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"Liver
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Tx…"
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"gluten (H2O-insoluble gliadin) sensitive enteropathy
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Tx…"
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"bacterial
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@ risk.."
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"Trophyeryma whippeli (G+ actinomycete) --> malabsrop --> chronic diarrhea.
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"
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"obstruction, neutrophilic infiltration of muscularis, rupture --> peritonitis
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Tx…"
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"enteric bacteria
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chron's vs. ulcerative colitis similarities"
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"idiopathic
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Chron's disease
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"mouth --> colon
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Ulcerative colitis
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"colon only
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1-5"
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"1. diverticulosis
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@ risk…"
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"mucosa lined false pockets (85% sigmoid) herniating --> muscle layer
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complications…"
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"bright red rectal bleeding, fever, inc WBC's, lower abdominal pain
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4 types"
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"adynamic (paralytic) ileus-disruption of innervation w/ fecoliths
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terms…"
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"1. non-neoplastic
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genes involved…"
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"1. genetic
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3 types…"
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"hyperplasia, inflam, abnormal mucosal maturation
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malignancy…"
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"80% recto-sigmoid, < 5mm d., multiple
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caused by…"
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"inflam and lymphoid infiltrates
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2 types"
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"1. Juvenile
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age..."
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"1-3 cm, solitary
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inc risk…"
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"multiple in small intestine and colon
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"
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"premalignant epithelial dysplasia / prolif.
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3 types…"
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"1. Tubular adenoma = small stalked, 20%
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3 types…"
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"increase
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Colon cancer risk…"
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"autosomal dom
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inc risk of…"
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"autosomal dom
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"
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rare, colon polyps + brain tumors
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gene mutations…"
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"50% recto-sigmoid area
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A-D"
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"A. not through muscularis >90% survive
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"
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"proximal right = polypoid exophytic masses w/ surface ulceration, obstruction not common
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1-5"
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"1. low fiber-high fat diet
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carcinoid syndrome?..."
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"neuroendocrine tumors of low malig
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