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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reservoirs
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Source of infection
-can be living (humans, animals) or -nonliving (objects, flooring) |
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Chain of infection
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(1)Infectious agent leaves (2)reservoir through a
(3)portal of exit & is (4)transmitted through a (5)portal of entry to a (6)host |
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infectious agent
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pathogen
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transfer of pathogens form a reservoir to a host
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transmission
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Most common portals of entry:
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the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, & urogenital tracts.
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asymptomatic is also known as
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carrier of disease
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Fomite transmission
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transmission from carrier/reservoir to object then object is touched by a non-infected individual
(Object touched by reservoir is the fomite) |
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droplet transmission
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infected individual coughs, sneezes, or spits on a noninfected individual
(happens w/in 3-6 feet or considered airborne transmission) |
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two types of indirect contact
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formite & droplet
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Types of vehicle transmission
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Foodborne -happens by consuming pathogens that were not destroyed during prep or storage(ex, failure to sanitize hands after handling raw meat or using the toilet & then preparing or serving meals(salmonella)
Waterborn-from bathing in or ingesting contaminated water(cholera, dysentery) airborne-infectious agents released from reservoir into the air(tuberculosis, anthrax, swine flu |
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occurs when infectious agents are transmitted through ha common vehicle or source, such as food, water, air, & sometimes blood via transfusion.
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Vehicle transmission
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Uses a vector(commonly an animal or insect) to spread infectious agents between two or more hosts.
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vector transmission
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most are transmitted by bites, stings, or infestation of tussues
malaria, lyme disease, & rocky mountain spotted fever |
Vector transmission
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Infectious agents crossing the placenta from infected mother to her fetus is what type of transmission?
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Vector
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invasion of pathogens once they have entered the host
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infection
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Causes or origins of disease
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ethiology
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systematic disease
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distributed throughout the body
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local disease
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affects one body area
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epidemic
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affects a large number of people at the same time within a region
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morbidity
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rate a disease occurs within a group or area
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mortality
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number of deaths resulting from a disease in a given time period
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incidence
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number of new cases in a particular population during a period of time
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prevalence
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number of existing new and old cases of a disease within a specific population & time period
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risk factors
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age
gender genetics lifestyle environment stress |
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infectious diseases
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caused by biologic agents as bacteria and fungi
transmitted by a reservoir onto a host, where pathogens reside |
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hosts
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organisms in which pathogens reside
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traumatic disorder
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wounds
fractures spinal cord injuries head injuries |
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agents of disease
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pathogen- agent of disease
contamination - occurs when pathogens reside on an organism four basic pathogenic agents- *bacteria *fungi *protozoa *viruses |
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Bacteria
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-unicellular microorganisms
-most not pathogenic -may be transmitted from another person, animal, fomite, ingestion of contaminated food, or from not washing hands arfter toilet use |
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fungi
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-molds and yeasts
-thrive in warm moist environments -usually transmitted by a fomite -infections are usually superficial, but can be systemic |
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protozoa
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-simplest form of animal life
-pathogenic protozoa can survive only in a lilving subject -transmitted through feces, contaminated food or water, or insect bites & stings |
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viruses
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-nonliving entitie3s
-viruses inject their genetic material into host cells, then use host cells to replicate -viruses cannot be killed by antibiiotics |
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other agents of disease
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-parasites-rely on host for nourishment
-plant resins such as poison oak can cause disease -prions cause a few diseases in mammals and humans *affect the central nervous system *untreatable and fatal *extremely rare |
