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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common signs of Pulmonary Disease |
-cough -hemoptysis -dyspnea -chest pain -cyanosis -clubbing |
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Types of Cough |
Physiologic - normal cough Dry Productive - sputum production |
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Asthma |
-increased reactivity of airway to stimuli -it is reversible, without permanent damage -causes increased resistance and decreased FEV |
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Status Asthmaticus |
-emergency -can't be fixed by an inhaler |
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Etiology of Asthma |
-genetic Extrinsic - allergy Intrinsic - exercise, cold air etc. Occupational - dusts or gases |
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Diagnosis of Asthma |
-Pulm fxn test (FEV/FVC<75% predicted) -response to aerosol bronchodilator |
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Treatment of Asthma |
-avoiding triggers -bronchodilators -corticosteroids |
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COPD |
-have bronchitis and emphysema -progressive airflow obstruction that is partially reversible |
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Chronic Bronchitis |
-cough that has persisted for 3 months -caused by cigarette smoking |
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Signs of Chronic Bronchitis |
-SOB -productive cough -fatigue -dizziness |
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Blue Bloater |
Person with: -cyanosis -edema -chronic productive cough -overweight |
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Etiology of Emphysema |
-smoking -environment -deficiency of anti-trypsin |
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Pathology of Emphysema |
-alveolar wall destruction -loss of elasticity -destruction of pulm capillaries -increased inflammatory cells |
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Clinical Presentation of Emphysema |
-often thin -dyspnea -barrel chest -wheezing -use accessory inspiratory MM |
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Diagnosis of COPD |
-symptoms are progressive -history of smoking -decreased FEV and O2 sat -chest x-ray -blood test (antitrypsin) -limited bronchodilator reaction |
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Breathing Mechanism in COPD |
Early - hypoxemia with carboxic drive Late - hypoxic drive |
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Treatment for COPD |
-quit smoking -bronchodilators -antibiotics -O2 and pulmonary therapy |
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Pulmonary HTN in COPD |
-chronic hypoxia leads to pulm vasoconstriction -which causes HTN and leads to cor pulmonale |
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Cor Pulmonale |
-R vent hypertrophy b/c pulm HTN |
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Cystic Fibrosis |
-recessive genetic disease -caused by abnormal expression of CF protein and exocrine gland dysfunction |
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Pulmonary Manifestations of CF |
-viscous mucous -airway obstruction -hypoxia |
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Non-Pulmonary Manifestations of CF |
-pancreatic enzyme insufficiency -abnormal sweat -weight gain -GI problems -DM |
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What does a lung with CF look like? |
-thickened bronchial walls -dilated bronchi |
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Diagnosis of CF |
-genetic testing -sweat test -pulmonary fxn test -glucose screen for DM |
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Treatment of CF |
-proper diet -replace enzymes -treat pulmonary infections -remove pulm secretions |
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Characteristics of Restrictive Lung Fxn |
-reduced lung volume -decreased compliance -increased work of breathing |
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Clinical Manifestations of Restrictive Lung Fxn |
-tachypnea -hypoxia -reduced lung volumes -Cor Pulmonale -cyanosis or clubbing |
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Pulmonary Causes of RLD |
-lung cancer -pleural effusion -occupational lung disease |
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Pulmonary Fibrosis |
-excessive fibrous tissue in lungs -have less compliance and chronic hypoxia -caused by autoimmune response of infection |
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Signs of PF |
-tachypnea -dry cough -weight loss |
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Diagnosis of PF |
-spirometry -chest X-ray -CT scan |
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Treatment of PF |
-O2 -antiinflammatory -exercise |
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Pneumonia |
-inflammed alveoli because of exudate entering -develop fluid in lungs |
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Signs of Pneumonia |
-productive cough -fatigue -tachypnea -dyspnea -fever |
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Diagnosis of Pneumonia |
-clinical signs -sputum culture -auscultation -X-ray |
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Treatment of Pneumonia |
-vaccination -antibiotics -O2 -rest -PT should get them up and moving |
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C. Diff Colitis |
-when antibiotics destroy good bacteria -causes diarrhea |
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Small Cell Carcinoma |
-poorly differentiated -near hilum of lungs -metastisize early |
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Adenocarcinoma |
-in the periphery (upper lobes) -slower growth rate Signs - chest pain, SOB, pleural effusion |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
-centrally located and hard to differentiate Signs - dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis -grows slowly with no metastasis |
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Large Cell Carcinoma |
-poorly differentiated -grows rapidly Signs Central - hoarseness, cough Peripheral - chest pain, effusion |
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Diagnosis of Lung Cancer |
-clinical signs -bronchoscopy -biopsy -MRI |
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Treatment of Lung Cancer |
-surgery -surgery plus radiation or chemo |
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Tuberculosis |
-caused by mycobacterium TB -affects lungs, lymph, bones, and other organs -airborne |
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Signs of TB |
-chest pan -malaise -fatigue |
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Diagnosis of TB |
-history -TB skin test -chest X-ray (will show granulomas and cavitation) -sputum culture |
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Treatment of TB |
-anti-TB drugs -vaccination |
