Inflammation

Front 1

A febrile

Back 1

W/o fever

Front 2

B-cells

Back 2

Secrete anti-bodies to neutralize infectious agents via opsonization

Front 3

T-cells

Back 3

Respond to Cell mediated chronic inflammatory process

Front 4

Macrophage

Back 4

Clean up debris via phagocytosis

- secrete cytokines promoting angiogenesis & fibrosis (PDGF, FGF, IL-1, and TNF)

Front 5

Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)

Back 5

Recognize nonhuman microbes:

1) ds RNA of viruses

2) bacterial DNA

3) bacterial endotoxin

Front 6

Caspase-1

Back 6

Activated by inflammation proteins responding to bacteria to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Front 7

Lectin

Back 7

Bind fungal polysaccharides --> trigger cellular defense

Front 8

What cause the contraction of epithelial walls during inflammation?

Back 8

Histamine and leukotrienes

Front 9

Leukocyte rolling

Back 9

P-selectin & E-Selectin (endothelial cells) interact w/ L-selectin (neutrophils)

Front 10

Leukocyte rolling

Back 10

P-selectin & E-Selectin (endothelial cells) interact w/ L-selectin (neutrophils)

Front 11

Integrins

Back 11

Forms firm adhesion between neutrophil and endothelial cells.

Front 12

Leukocyte rolling

Back 12

P-selectin & E-Selectin (endothelial cells) interact w/ L-selectin & sialylated ligands (neutrophils)

Front 13

Integrins

Back 13

Forms firm adhesion between neutrophil and endothelial cells (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 VCAM-1)

- Genetic Lack of integrin Beta chain = prevention of firm adhesion

- interact w/ fibronectin (ecm protein i.e. Actin) = focal adhesions --> intracellular signaling--> cell growth, differentiation, & migration

Front 14

Complement C3b

Back 14

Opsonin to facilitate phagocytosis

Front 15

Bradykinin

Back 15

Causes pain and increased vascular permeability

Front 16

Complement C3a

Back 16

Causes increased vascular permeability by releasing histamine from MAST CELLS

Front 17

Complement C3a

Back 17

Causes increased vascular permeability by releasing histamine from MAST CELLS

Front 18

Myeloperoxidase

Back 18

Present in neutrophil granules and converts H2O2 to HOCL- (anti microbial agent)

Front 19

Interferon-y (IFN-y)

Back 19

From CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes (T-cells) and stimulate macrophage production of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)

- also transform macrophages into epithelium cells in granulomatous inflammation

Front 20

Leukotriene B4

Back 20

- Potent neutrophil chemotaxic factor

- vasoconstrictor & bronchoconstrictor

Front 21

NO

Back 21

Endothelial = Vasodilation & inhibit platelet activation

Macrophage = microbial killing

Front 22

TNF

Back 22

Produced by activated macrophages--> fever (along w/ IL-1), metabolic wasting, hypotension

- also induce lymphocyte activation and fibroblasts proliferation (converting fibrinogen to fibrin)

Front 23

Prostaglandins

Back 23

Promote vasodilation & pain

Front 24

Leukotriene E4

Back 24

Vasoconstrictor

Front 25

Complement C5a

Back 25

Neutrophil chemoattractant

Front 26

Complement C5a

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Neutrophil chemoattractant

Front 27

Complement C5-9

Back 27

Membrane Attack Complex

Front 28

Protein C

Back 28

Stops conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Front 29

Abscess

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Localized collection of neutrophils

Front 30

Chronic Inflammation

Back 30

Preponderance of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells)

Front 31

Liquefactive Necrosis

Back 31

Appears after staph infection

Front 32

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Back 32

Secreted by macrophages to produce:

1) Fever

2) Leukocyte adherence

3) Fibroblast proliferation

4) Cytokine secretion

Front 33

Prostaglandins

Back 33

Produced by stimulation from pyrogens in the hypothalamus which "reset the thermostat"

Front 34

Vitamin C Deficiecy

Back 34

Scurvy

- reduces Lysol oxidase activity which helps to cross-link fibrillation collagen (provide tensile strength)

Front 35

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

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Activated lymphocytes

- mutation = T-cell neoplasm

Front 36

Throboxane A2

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Vasoconstriction & platelet aggregation

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Repair

Back 37

Day 1: fibrin & inflammatory cells

Day 2-3: macrophages & granulation tissue

Days 4-5: neovascularization

Week 2: collagen is prominent (fewer vessels & inflammatory cells)

Front 38

Creatinine Kinase

Back 38

If elevated = myocardial necrosis --> replaced by fibrous scar

Front 39

Cardinal signs of Acute Inflammation

Back 39

1) pain (pain)

2) redness (rubor)

3) warm (calor)

4) swelling (tumor)

5) loss of movement (functio laesa)