Pathology: Endocrine System

Front 1

Acromegaly hormone associated? child or adult onset?
akros + megalos=

Back 1

HYPERsecretion ++ of GH (growth hormone) in adults

(extreme + large)

Front 2

acromegaly cause= (glandular)

Back 2

anterior pituitary gland adenoma (tumor)

Front 3

acromegaly contraindications=

Back 3

none

Front 4

acromegaly signs:

Back 4

hyperglycemia
enlarged organs and features
thickened skin

Front 5

Gigantism:
hormone? ++ or --?
child or adult onset?
gigantus =

Back 5

hypersecretion growth hormone in childhood
(giant)

Front 6

gigantism signs:

Back 6

thick long bones/soft tissue;
hyperglycemia

Front 7

gigantism cause: (glandular)

Back 7

adenoma of anterior pituitary gland

Front 8

gigantism contraindications:

Back 8

none

Front 9

Dwarfism: (hormone, gland, child or adult onset)

Back 9

deficiency of GH (growth hormone) in childhood

Front 10

dwarfism signs:

Back 10

decreased bone growth, short, hypoglycemia
muscle weakness,
retarded sexual development

Front 11

dwarfism cause (glandular)

Back 11

disturbances or trauma to the hypothalamus or ant pituitary

Front 12

contraindications dwarfism?

Back 12

none

Front 13

Diabetes InSIPidus= (hormone, gland, signs/symptoms)
dia + betes + insipidus=

Back 13

deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from posterior pituitary gland, causes extreme THIRST ("sip") and frequent urination.
("to pass through" + "a basin" + "without taste")

Front 14

diabetes insipidus cause:
gland(s)?

Back 14

inflammation/trauma to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland; radiation to the hypothalamus

Front 15

diabetes insipidus contraindication?

Back 15

refer to DOCTOR

Front 16

Grave's disease=
named for:

Back 16

hypersecretion of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism); women 30-50 yr olds, increased metabolism, weight loss, anxiety, fatigue, diarrhea, exophthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs)
named for Dr Robt Graves, also called diffused toxic goiter

Front 17

Grave's disease is a X disorder producing Y that bind to the Z receptor sites and mimic the action of Z, causing an increase in ZZ which results in hyperthyroidism.

Back 17

autoimmune disorder producing antibodies that bind to the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor sites and mimic the action of TSH, causing an increase in thyroid hormones

Front 18

Grave's contraindications?

Back 18

refer to DOCTOR; massage indicated if no infection, inflammation, or tumor is present, avoid throat area

Front 19

Myxedema= (gland, hormones, child or adult onset, signs/symptoms)
myx + edema =

Back 19

HYPOsecretion of thyroid hormones in adults (HYPOthyroidism), w/ fatigue, slow mind/body, swollen eye area, cold intolerance, coarse skin esp face; increased CT components
(mucus + swelling)

Front 20

cause of Myxedema:
gland?
genetic?

Back 20

damaged thyroid gland, hereditary defects

Front 21

contraindications for Myxedema?

Back 21

refer to DOCTOR; massage ok if no infection/inflamm/tumor; avoid throat area

Front 22

Cretinism:
hormone? ++ or --?
child/adult onset?
signs/symptoms:
cretin=

Back 22

HYPOsecretion of thyroid hormones in CHILDREN (hypothyroidism); retarded bone and brain development; fatigue, slow mind/body, swollen eye area, cold intolerance, coarse skin...
cretin= vulgar term for slow people or patients with cretinism

Front 23

cause of Cretinism:

Back 23

damaged thyroid gland; hereditary defects

Front 24

contraindications of Cretinism:
indications:

Back 24

refer to DOCTOR; massage indicated if no inflammation, infection or trauma; avoid throat area

Front 25

Goiter

Back 25

enlargement of the thyroid gland; may present with hyper OR hypothyroidism

Front 26

Goiter cause:

Back 26

iodine deficiency (low iodine... low thyroid hormones... increased TSH... increased thyroid growth)

Front 27

contraindications for Goiter:

Back 27

refer to DOCTOR

Front 28

Diabetes mellitus:
dia + betes + mellitus=

Back 28

a group of disorders involving the PANCREAS; defective insulin response and or utilization.
"to pass through" + "a basin" + "excessive sweet urine"

Front 29

Two types of Diabetes mellitus:

Back 29

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) aka juvenile onset diabetes or type 1...

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM);adult onset diabetes; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Front 30

Type 1 diabetes mellitus:
hormone? ++ or --?
gland?
reduction of cells?
age?
two signs:
% diabetes cases:

Back 30

deficiency of insulin production by the PANCREAS resulting from a reduction in beta cells in the pancreatic islet cells; under age 20, hyperglycemia and increased urine production; 10-20% of total cases of diabetes

Front 31

Cause of Type 1 juvenile onset diabetes mellitus:

Back 31

genetic susceptibility; autoimmunity to beta cells

Front 32

Disease risk factors of Type 2 adult onset diabetes mellitus, and hormone cause:

Back 32

often in obese over 40 yrs; insulin resistance based on decreased receptor sensitivity on target tissues in the body; reduction in insulin production

Front 33

contraindications for type 1& 2 diabetes mellitus:

Back 33

obtain DOCTOR's approval and advice

Front 34

Cushing's disease=
named for:

Back 34

excessive production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex; leads to obesity, weakness, abnormal menses; hypertension; "moon face"
named for Harvey Cushing, aka hyperadrenocortism

Front 35

cause of Cushing's disease,
what hormone?
++ or --?
what gland?
tumor?

Back 35

cortisol++ in adrenal cortex because of:
adrenocorticotropic hormone ++ in anterior pituitary gland OR cortisol secreting tumor

Front 36

contraindications for Cushing's disease?

Back 36

due to possible complications (eg osteoporosis) massage should be LIGHT and RELAXING eg energy work; contact doctor if in doubt.

Front 37

Addison's disease aka (2):
gland:
hormones:
named for:

Back 37

aka "adrenal insufficiency" or "HYPOcortisolism"; destruction of the adrenal glands leading to decreased production of adrenal hormones; results in muscle weakness, fatigue, HYPOtension, nausea, and/or "bronzing" of skin due to excess of adrenocorticotropic ACTH hormone.
named for Dr. Thomas Addison.

Front 38

glandular or other root cause of Addison's disease?

Back 38

autoimmunity against the adrenal glands leads to decreased production of adrenal hormones and results in weakness and hypotension, etc; OR bacterial or viral infection; cancer

Front 39

contraindications for Addison's disease?

Back 39

refer to DOCTOR

Front 40

the backbone for making thyroid hormones is the chemical X

Back 40

iodine

Front 41

Serious complications of diabetes types 1 and 2 include the following:

Back 41

myocarial infarcation
ketoacidosis (decreased pH)
stroke
peripheral neuropathy
decreased wound healing
gangrene
retinopathy leading to blindness
kidney problems
increased susceptability to infection

Front 42

type I and II diabetes are now called:

Back 42

type 1 and 2 diabetes

Front 43

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is a byproduct of X from the anterior pituitary gland, and causes bronzing in Y (disease):

Back 43

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Addison's disease

Front 44

Diseases associated with the ANTERIOR PITUITARY gland and GH (growth hormone)

Back 44

1. Acromegaly
adenoma of pit gland,
GH++ adults

2. Gigantism
adenoma of ant pit gland
GH++ children

3. Dwarfism
trauma to hypothal or ant pit
GH-- children

Front 45

Diseases associated with POSTERIOR PITUITARY gland and ADH (anti diuretic hormone)

Back 45

1. Diabetes Insipidus
ADH--
caused by trauma to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland.

Front 46

Name 4 diseases associated with the THYROID and TH or TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Back 46

1. Grave's disease, TH++ adults.
autoimmune disorder antibodies mimic TSH actions, causing TH++ production, hyperthyroidism.

2. Myxedema
TH-- (hypothyroidism) in adults
cause: damaged thyroid gland; genetics

3. Cretinism, TH-- children.
(hypothyroidism) similar to myxedema, damaged thyroid gland, hereditary defects

4. Goiter, enlarged thyroid due to iodine deficiency (iodine--... TH--... TSH++...Thyroid enlarged)

Front 47

Name two endocrine diseases associated with the PANCREAS:

Back 47

1. IDDM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), insulin--
autoimmunity to beta cells in pancreatic islet cells cause decrease in beta cells and therefore decrease in insulin

2. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) type 2 diabetes. Insulin--
Cause: reduction in insulin production; insulin resistance based on decreased receptor sensitivity on target tissues in the body

Front 48

Name two diseases associated with the ADRENALS and CORTISOL and ACTH and other adrenal hormones.

Back 48

1. Cushing's disease
cortisol ++
excess cortisol fr adrenal cortex because of excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the anterior pituitary gland; or a cortisol secreting tumor.

2. Addison's disease: ACTH ++, AH --
cause: because of autoimmunity in adrenal gland or infection or cancer; destruction of the adrenal glands leads to low production of adrenal hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, testoterone, estrogen, progesterone, etc) which causes an increase in ACTH resulting in the bronzing of melatonin or hyperpigmentation (MSH).