Pathology Chapter 2: Inflammation And Repair

Front 1

5 cardinal signs of inflammation:

Back 1

Rubor, Calor, Tumor, Dolor, and Loss of Function

Front 2

Release preformed histamine:

Back 2

Mast Cells

Front 3

The primary leukocyte in acute inflammation:

Back 3

Neutrophils

Front 4

Rolling is caused by activation of ______ on the surface of neurtophils and endothelial cells

Back 4

Selectin Adhesion Molecules

Front 5

Responsible for rolling of neutrophils:

Back 5

Selectins

Front 6

Neutrophil Adhesion Molecule

Back 6

B2 Integins

Front 7

Catecholemines, corticosteroids, and lithium ________ activation of adhesion molecules.

Back 7

Inhibit

Front 8

Enhance activation of adhesion molecules:

Back 8

Endotoxins- lead to neutropenia

Front 9

Directed migration of neutrophils

Back 9

Chemotaxis

Front 10

IgG and C3b are _______ that attach to bacteria and enhance neutrophil recognition and attachment:

Back 10

Opsonins

Front 11

Opsonization Defect

Back 11

Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia

Front 12

Disease caused by a defect in microtubule function that prevents phagolysosome formation

Back 12

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS)

Front 13

Most potenet microbicidal system- oxygen dependent

Back 13

MPO System

Front 14

X linked recessive disorder characterized by deficient NADPH oxidase in the cell membrane of neutrophils and monocytes- results in absent respiratory burst

Back 14

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Front 15

Most important chemical mediator of acute inflammation:

Back 15

Histamine

Front 16

Localized proliferation of pus-forming organisms

Back 16

Purulent Inflammation

Front 17

Most common cause of a skin abcess:

Back 17

S. aureus - contains coagulase

Front 18

Due to increased vessel permeability with deposition of fibrin-rich exudate

Back 18

Fibrinous Inflammation

Front 19

Inflammation with thin, watery exudate- ex- blister

Back 19

Serous Inflammation

Front 20

Bacterial Toxin Induced damage of the mucosal lining, producing a shaggy membrane composed of necrotic tissue- psuedomembranes associated with C. Diff

Back 20

Pseudomembranous inflammation

Front 21

What are the two main roles of fever in inflammation?

Back 21

Right shifts the O2 binding curve, allowing more O2 for MPO system, and provides a hostile environment for bacteria

Front 22

How are neutrophils cleared after acute inflammation?

Back 22

Apoptosis

Front 23

Most common cause of chronic inflammation

Back 23

Infection (TB, leprosy, hepatitis C)

Front 24

Primary leukocytes in chronic inflammation:

Back 24

Monocytes and macrophages

Front 25

Necrosis is a more prominent feature in which type of inflammation?

Back 25

Actute

Front 26

Highly vascular precursor to scar tissue containing activated fibroblasts:

Back 26

Granulation Tissue

Front 27

_________ is required for granulation tissue formation.

Back 27

Fibronectin

Front 28

Key adhesion glycoprotein in ECM.

Back 28

Fibronectin

Front 29

Important in the formation and maintinence of TB and systemic fungal granulomas:

Back 29

TNF-alpha

Front 30

Cell types in TB granuloma:

Back 30

Macrophages and CD4 helper T-cells

Front 31

Most variable stage in the cell cycle:

Back 31

G1 phase

Front 32

Most critical phase in the cell cycle:

Back 32

G1 to S phase

Front 33

Genes controlling G1 to S phase:

Back 33

RB and TP53 supressor genes

Front 34

Activation by TP53 initiates apoptosis:

Back 34

BAX gene

Front 35

Key adhesion glycoprotein in basement membrane:

Back 35

Laminin

Front 36

Tissue essential for normal connective tissue repair:

Back 36

Granulation Tissue

Front 37

Major fibrous component of connective tissue

Back 37

Collagen

Front 38

This molecule cross-linking increases the tensile strength in tissue repair:

Back 38

Lysyl Oxidase

Front 39

Cofactor in Lysyl oxidase

Back 39

Copper

Front 40

This deficiency results in decreased cross linking in collagen and leads to reduced tensile strength

Back 40

Vitamin C

Front 41

Disease characterized by defects in type I and III collagen synthesis and structure. Leads to hypermobile joints, aortic dissection, bleeding into the skin, rupture of the bowl and poor wound healing

Back 41

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Front 42

Cofactor in collagenase

Back 42

Zinc

Front 43

Most common cause of impaired wound healing

Back 43

Infection

Front 44

Used for treating nosocomial infections:

Back 44

Vancomycin

Front 45

This deficiency decreases the cross-linking of tropocollagen and decreses tensile strength

Back 45

Vitamin C deficiency

Front 46

Interferes with collagen formation and decreases tensile strength, also prevents scar formation

Back 46

Glucocorticoids

Front 47

Raised scars caused by excessive type three collagen

Back 47

Keloids

Front 48

Hallmarks of severe or persistent liver injury

Back 48

Regenerative nodules and fibrosis

Front 49

Key repair cells of the lung- also synthesize surfactant

Back 49

Type II pneumocytes

Front 50

Hallmarks of brain injury repair

Back 50

Proliferation of astrocytes and microglial cells