Pathology Chapter 15 Lungs Images*

Front 1

What disease process is occuring here

Back 1

Diffuse alveolar damage (acute respiratory distress syndrome) shown in a photomicrograph. Some of the alveoli are collapsed; others are distended. Many contain dense proteinaceous debris, desquamated cells, and hyaline membranes (arrows).

Front 2

What are the three types of Atelectasis

Back 2

Resorption (obstruction)
Compression
Contraction

Front 3

What disease processes are shown here

Back 3

A, Centriacinar emphysema. Central areas show marked emphysematous damage (E), surrounded by relatively spared alveolar spaces. B, Panacinar emphysema involving the entire pulmonary architecture

Front 4

What are the two main types of Emphysema

Back 4

Centriacinar and Panacinar

Front 5

What disease is demonstrated here

Back 5

Bullous emphysema with large subpleural bullae (upper left).

Front 6

What is shown here

Back 6

Bronchiectasis in a patient with cystic fibrosis, who underwent lung transplantation. Cut surface of lung shows markedly distended peripheral bronchi filled with mucopurulent secretions.

Front 7

What is shown here

Back 7

Usual interstitial pneumonia. The fibrosis, which varies in intensity, is more pronounced in the subpleural region

Front 8

What is shown here

Back 8

Usual interstitial pneumonia. Fibroblastic focus with fibers running parallel to surface and bluish myxoid extracellular matrix

Front 9

What is shown here

Back 9

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). Alveolar spaces are filled with balls of fibroblasts (Masson bodies), while the alveolar walls are relatively normal

Front 10

What is shown here

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Progressive massive fibrosis superimposed on coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The large, blackened scars are located principally in the upper lobe. Note the extensions of scars into surrounding parenchyma and retraction of adjacent pleura

Front 11

What is shown here

Back 11

Advanced silicosis seen on transection of lung. Scarring has contracted the upper lobe into a small dark mass (arrow). Note the dense pleural thickening

Front 12

What is shown here

Back 12

Several coalescent collagenous silicotic nodules.

Front 13

What is shown here

Back 13

High-power detail of an asbestos body, revealing the typical beading and knobbed ends (arrow).

Front 14

What is shown here

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Asbestos exposure evidenced by severe, discrete, characteristic fibrocalcific plaques on the pleural surface of the diaphragm.

Front 15

What is shown here

Back 15

Characteristic sarcoid noncaseating granulomas in lung with many giant cells.

Front 16

What is shown here

Back 16

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, histologic appearance. Loosely formed interstitial granulomas and chronic inflammation are characteristic

Front 17

What is shown here

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Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: medium-power detail of lung to demonstrate the accumulation of large numbers of mononuclear cells within the alveolar spaces with only mild fibrous thickening of the alveolar walls.

Front 18

What is shown here

Back 18

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, histologic appearance. The alveoli are filled with a dense, amorphous, protein-lipid granular precipitate, while the alveolar walls are normal.

Front 19

What is shown here

Back 19

Large saddle embolus from the femoral vein lying astride the main left and right pulmonary arteries.

Front 20

What is shown here

Back 20

Recent, small, roughly wedge-shaped hemorrhagic pulmonary infarct.

Front 21

What do these pictures demonstrate

Back 21

Vascular changes in pulmonary hypertension. A, Gross photograph of atheroma formation, a finding usually limited to large vessels. B, Marked medial hypertrophy. C, Plexogenic lesion characteristic of advanced pulmonary hypertension seen in small arteries

Front 22

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 22

Acute intra-alveolar hemorrhage and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, reflecting previous hemorrhage, are common features of the diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes (Prussian blue stain for iron).

Front 23

Compare Bronchopneumonia with Lobar Pneumonia

Back 23

Patchy consolidation of the lung is the dominant characteristic of bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia is an acute bacterial infection resulting in fibrinosuppruative consolidation of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe

Front 24

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 24

Bronchopneumonia. Gross section of lung showing patches of consolidation (arrows).

Front 25

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 25

Lobar pneumonia—gray hepatization, gross photograph. The lower lobe is uniformly consolidated

Front 26

What do these pictures demonstrate

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A, Acute pneumonia. The congested septal capillaries and extensive neutrophil exudation into alveoli corresponds to early red hepatization. Fibrin nets have not yet formed. B, Early organization of intra-alveolar exudate, seen in areas to be streaming through the pores of Kohn (arrow). C, Advanced organizing pneumonia (corresponding to gray hepatization), featuring transformation of exudates to fibromyxoid masses richly infiltrated by macrophages and fibroblasts.

Front 27

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 27

Pyemic lung abscess in the center of section with complete destruction of underlying parenchyma within the focus of involvement.

Front 28

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 28

Laminated Histoplasma granuloma of the lung

Front 29

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 29

Histoplasma capsulatum yeast forms fill phagocytes in a lymph node of a patient with disseminated histoplasmosis

Front 30

What do these pictures demonstrate

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Blastomycosis. A, Rounded budding yeasts, larger than neutrophils, are present. Note the characteristic thick wall and nuclei (not seen in other fungi). B, Silver stain.

Front 31

What does this picture demonstrate

Back 31

Coccidioidomycosis with intact spherules within multinucleated giant cells

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What does this picture demonstrate

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Chronic rejection of lung allograft, with total occlusion of bronchiole (bronchiolitis obliterans). Adjacent pulmonary artery branch is normal

Front 33

What does this picture demonstrate

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Lung carcinoma. The gray-white tumor tissue is seen infiltrating the lung substance. Histologically, this large tumor mass was identified as a squamous cell carcinoma.

Front 34

What do these pictures demonstrate

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Cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer is often possible. A, A sputum specimen shows an orange-staining, keratinized squamous carcinoma cell with a prominent hyperchromatic nucleus (arrow). B, A fine-needle aspirate of an enlarged lymph node shows clusters of tumor cells from a small cell carcinoma, with molding and nuclear atypia characteristic of this tumor; note the size of the tumor cells compared with normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the left lower corner

Front 35

What do these pictures demonstrate

Back 35

Histologic appearance of lung carcinoma. A, Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showing keratinization. B, Gland-forming adenocarcinoma. C, Small cell carcinoma with islands of small deeply basophilic cells and areas of necrosis. D, Large cell carcinoma, featuring pleomorphic, anaplastic tumor cells and absence of squamous or glandular differentiation.

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What does this picture demonstrate

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Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with characteristic growth along pre-existing alveolar septa, without invasion

Front 37

What do these pictures demonstrate

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A, Bronchial carcinoid growing as a spherical, pale mass (arrow) protruding into the lumen of the bronchus. B, Histologic appearance of bronchial carcinoid, demonstrating small, rounded, uniform cells

Front 38

What is shown here

Back 38

Numerous metastases from a renal cell carcinoma.

Front 39

What is shown here

Back 39

Malignant mesothelioma. Note the thick, firm, white pleural tumor tissue that ensheathes this bisected lung

Front 40

What is shown here

Back 40

A, Malignant mesothelioma, epithelial type. B, Malignant mesothelioma, mixed type, stained for calretinin (immunoper-oxidase method). The epithelial component is strongly positive (dark brown), while the sarcomatoid component is less so.

Front 41

What do these EMs show

Back 41

Ultrastructural features of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A), characterized by short, plump microvilli, contrasted with those of mesothelioma (B), in which microvilli are numerous, long, and slender.