Pathology Ch 1-4

Front 1

the father of pathology

Back 1

Rudolph Virchow

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the father of medicine

Back 2

Hippocrates

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different fields of pathology

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gross path, mcroscopic path, clinical path, foresic path, pathological anatomy, special path, general path, physiological path,

Front 4

studies changes in the structure and the function of the body which can be onserved with the unaided eye

Back 4

gross path

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aka cellar or histolic- path that deals with the use of a microsoft

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microscopic path

Front 6

briad disease process which may affect the entire body or widespread tissue and organs

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general path

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disease that affects individual body areas or system such as pathology of the resp sys or disease of the skin

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special path

Front 8

deals with the lab study of an the performance of the standardized test

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clinical path

Front 9

deals with the tissues that haved been removed for pathilogical study

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pathological anatomy

Front 10

the study of functional changes in the body as the result of diseases

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physiological path

Front 11

deals with the medical and legal part of path

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forensic path

Front 12

thto determine the casue of death and or existence of the various disease conditione examination of the body after the death in order

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autospy

Front 13

what benifits of an autospy

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confirm or change the medical diagnosis
contribute to medical knowledge
valuable to medical knowlege
valuable in medical cases
satifys the minds of the survivors

Front 14

severe and sudden onset and often proves fatal is called fulminating disease

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Acute disease

Front 15

disease which show alternating increase and decrease in their symptoms

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Recurrent disease

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- is those which are easily transmitted from one person to another

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Contagious disease

Front 17

refers to the presence of macroscopic organisms in or on the body
Cause of a disease is unknown is called idiopathic

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Infestation

Front 18

A disease that is the result of one working condition is

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occupational disease

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a disease that is always present to some degree in a given community

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Endemic

Front 20

a disease which occur only occasionally in a community

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Sporadic-

Front 21

disease which affect aa much longer than normal number of people in a community at one time

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Epidemic

Front 22

disease that effect the majority of the population in a large area, possibly world wide

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Pandemic

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Any disease obtained after birth is known

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acquired

Front 24

any disease that is inherited from any abnormal genes from his or her parents

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Hereditary

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disease characterized by fever

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Febrile

Front 26

disease are those with the presence of poison or other toxic substances

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Intoxicating

Front 27

that are characterized by the lack of some essential dietary ingredient

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Deficiency diseases

Front 28

is a disease that result from a physicians treatment of a patient

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Latrogenic

Front 29

absence of a body part

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Aplasia-

Front 30

where more than one limb is missing

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Amelia

Front 31

underdevelopment of a body part

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Hypoplasia

Front 32

- a defect in the lower walls of the lower part of the spinal column, where the bones do not form properly and may result in a protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes out of spinal cavity

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Spinal Bifida

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and excess number of finger and toes

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Polydactylism

Front 34

protrusion of an organ through the wall of the body cavity in which it is contained

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Hernia

Front 35

abnormal tract or the channel through the tissues, connecting one body cavity with another, or connecting a cavity with the surface of the body

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Fistula

Front 36

sac like structure containing fluid or a semi solid substance.
Down syndrome- genetic defect resulting in various degrees of mental retardation, dwarfed physique and certain characteristic abnormalities of the head and extremities

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cyst-

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are changes produced in the tissue as a result of a disease

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Lesion

Front 38

have no characteristic lesion

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Functional disease

Front 39

used to describe a subjective indications of the presence of a disease in the body

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Symptom

Front 40

- an objective indication of the presence of disease

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Sign-

Front 41

- group of symptoms of the sign which usually appeare together to indicate the presence of a particular disease

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Syndrome

Front 42

refers to the identification of the disease

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Diagnosis

Front 43

- prediction of the probable outcome of a disease

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Prognosis

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has been a reduction of the severity of the disease

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Remission

Front 45

sudden increase in the severity of the disease

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Exacerbation

Front 46

any unfavorable condition occurs during the course of the disease

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Complication

Front 47

the study of the causes of the disease

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Etiology

Front 48

a term that is given to the manner of the development of a disease

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Pathogenesis-

Front 49

Predisposing factors

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Age
Race
Sex
Nutrition
Occupation
Stress and emotion
Environment
Economic status

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Exciting factors:

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Trauma

physical agents
chemical agents
deficiencies
allergens heredity

Front 51

excess blood in a body part which is actively or purposefully taken there by the arterial systems

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Active hyperemia

Front 52

occurs when venous drainage from a area is decrease
What is the difference between physiological and pathological active hyperemia

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Passive hyperemia

Front 53

rsults form a normal everyday healthful bodily function

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Physiological

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results from a disease process

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Pathological-

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formation of a solid mass or blood clot within the heart or vessels of the body

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Thrombosis

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the mass itself

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Thrombus

Front 57

- is a condition of an object having floated through the bloodstream and causing an obstruction of a vessel

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Embolism

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is the object itself

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Embolus

Front 59

What substances cause embolism?

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Clumps of bacteria
Fat globules
Foreign particles
Air or gas bubbles

Front 60

Know what ischemia is and why it is caused

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Is the decreased blood flow to a body part
It is cause by thrombus, embolus, atherosclerosis, pressure from an artery

Front 61

not really gangrene at all ..just another name for ischemic necrosis

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Dry gangrene

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necrotic tissue that has ben invaded by bacteria

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True gangrene

Front 63

bleeding into the pleural cavity

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hemothorax

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bleeding into the paricardium cavity

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hemopericardium-

Front 65

bleeding in the peritoneum cavity

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hemoperitoneum

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blood in the sputum

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hemotysis

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- blood in the vomit

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hermatemesis

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bleeding form the nose

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epistaxis

Front 69

small pin point hemorrhages

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Petechiae

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- are large irregular patches of hemorrhaged in the tissue and is referred to as a bruise occurring under the skin

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Ecchymosis

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is a widespread hemorrhage into the skin or mucous membranes

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Purpura

Front 72

- tumor like swelling filled with blood, like a blood blister

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Hematoma

Front 73

Why does edema occur?

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Heart Failure
Venous or Lymphatic obstruction
Increased capillary permeability
Decreased osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins

Front 74

edema of the plural cavity

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Hydrothorax

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edema of the pericardial cavity

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Hydropericardium

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edema of the peritoneal cavity

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Ascites

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normal pigment present in the body

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Endogenous pigmentation

Front 78

pigment that entered from the outside of the body

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Exogenous pigmentation

Front 79

Bilirubin collects in the tissue, causing a yellow discoloration of the skin. The yellow discoloration is called

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is jaundice

Front 80

Are there other terms that can be used for jaundice

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Icterus

Front 81

is a term which refers to the decrease in size of a once normal body part

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Atrophy

Front 82

develops in older people

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General atrophy

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- occurs as a result of various functional and and structure problems which occur in the different organs of the body

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Pathological atrophy

Front 84

Pathological atrophy It is caused by

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Inadequate nutrition

Inadequate nervous stimulation

Disuse

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body’s response to tissue injury

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inflammation

Front 86

When inflammation is caused by living agents

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infection

Front 87

Fluid which accumulates around an inflammation site may be thought as a type of edema

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exudates

Front 88

How are they subcategorized

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classification on the substance they contain

Front 89

means it contains pus

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Purulent/ suppurative

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Know the cardinal signs of inflammation

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Heat

Redness- both heat and redness can be linked to the excess of blood flow to the inflammation site

Pain- attributed to the pressure on and irritation of the sensory7 nerve endings in the vicinity

Swelling – results form the sdditiona; blood flow as well as from the presence of the exudates in the area


Altered Function- can result from a combination of these factors interfering with the normal physiology of the body parts involved

Front 91

area of pus surrounded by a wall of inflammatory tissue

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Abscess

Front 92

localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane

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Ulcer

Front 93

elevation on the skin containing fluid, as in a blister

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Vesicle

Front 94

an elevation on the skin containing pus as in a pimple

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Pustule

Front 95

an abscess located in the deeper layers of the skin

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Furuncle

Front 96

two or more furuncles

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Carbuncle

Front 97

used to describe the replacement of the damaged tissue with connective tissue

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Repair

Front 98

– is the replacement of the damaged tissue with identical tissue

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Regeneration