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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pneumonectomy
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excision of lung tissue;
total, partial or of a single lobe |
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hypoxia
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reduction of oxygen supply
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thoracenteses
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fluid removal by surgical puncture of chest wall into parietal cavity
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thoracotomy
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incision of the chest wall
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perfusion
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process of osmosis; gas passes from air into blood
takes place in alveoli |
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bronchography
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radiographic study of bronchial tree
use positive contrast |
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radionuclides
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used to demosstrate ventilation and perfusion;
evaluates pulmonary emboli |
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cystic fibrosis
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congenital,hereditary
thick mucus clogs bronch, frequnt inf, straight fluid levels, lg cysts-caucasian |
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hayline membrane
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irds most common of infant deaths and premies; lack of surfactant in alveoli; air is br.tree but not in lungs
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croup
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infammatory, viral of upper; smooth, hourglass tapering in trachea, larynx constricted, edema of larynx
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epiglottitis
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inf of epiglottis; HiB vaccine has reduced; gets thick & inf.
lateral soft tissue tech |
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SIDS
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idiopathic; most risk up to 4mos; cigarettes in house, sleep face down
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alveolar or lobar pneumonia
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encapsulated 1 area,
exudates replace air in alveoli |
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bronchopneumonia
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staphyloccal bacterial of bronchi
patchy opacity |
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interstitial pneumonia
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viral, throughout lungs
difficult ot see heart shadow; caused by exp. to virus like chicken pox, flu,measles |
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aspiration pneumonia
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aspirating foreign body into lungs
more common on right side, bedridden pts |
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lung abcess
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area of necrotic parenchyma contain purvlent material
pneumonia, obstruction, aspiration, emboli |
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primary TB
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mycobacterium upper apices and lymp nodes ; spread by air droplets, never had TB, densities in apices if untreated
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secondary TB
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reactivation of TB
may result in calcifications |
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tuberculoma
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TB bacilli nodule, upper lobes or periphery of lungs, can break apart and spread, center may calcify
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pulmonary mycosis
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fungal infec.
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histoplasmosis
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histoplasma capsulatum
mississippi and ohio river valleys; multiple calcifications lung,liver,spleen, lymph |
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coccidiodmycosis
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coccidioides immitis fungus, SW US, small consolidations in periphery
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RSV
respiratory syncytial virus |
common nosocomial
causes necrosis of epithelium of bronchi, leads to obstruction looks like interstitial pneum. |
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emphysema
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destruction of terminal bronchioles and alveoli, smoking, lungs overinflated, costo angle blunt, blunt fingertips, pursed lips
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chronic bronchitis
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thick mucus obstructs bronci 90% smoking, 1/2 diagnosed
incr. bronchovascular markings in lower lobes |
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asthma
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allergens narrowing of trach and br. tree, increase secretion of mucus, dyspnea, wheezing, more in young males
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bronchiectasis
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perm dilation of bronchi, prod. cough, by repeated inf. loss of interstitial markings lower lobes, smoker, honeycomb cyst
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pneumoconiosis
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group of diseases from occupational exposure to
silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis |
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silicosis
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silica dust, calcifications throughout upper lobes, light; floats up
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asbestosis
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platelike calcification on periphery of lower lobes, best with CT, heavy; sinks and works way up
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anthracosis
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coal miners, black lung,
discolored, similar to silicosis on xray, mediasternum, hilum area |
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hamartoma
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mass of tissue attached to wall of lung, may calcify
neooplasm |
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bronchial adenoma
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hempatysis, recurring pneumonia, 80% in main bronchi, collapse of lung
benign |
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bronchogenic carcinoma
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mucosa of br. tree, 55-60male
poor prog, smoking, air pollution 1yr w/o treatment 5 yr w |
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adenocarcinoma
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from glandular tissue, periphery of lungs
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squamous carcinoma
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major bronchi
1. cigarettes 2. air pollutants |
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pulmonary emboli
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fatal 50%, rarely on chest, #1 way is lung scan; angiogram
most common complication of hosp. pt |
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atelectases
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collapse of lung due to obstruction; iatrogenic, misplaced ET tube
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