Pathology 6 Ex 1

Front 1

Stored in ALPHA-granules of platelets and released after platelet aggregation during hemostasis

Back 1

PDGF

Front 2

PDGF stimulates

Back 2

Stimulates migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, monocytes and microglia
Chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils

Front 3

In healing wounds, EGF is produced by

Back 3

keratinocytes, activated macrophages and lymphocytes

Front 4

EGF Stimulates

Back 4

proliferation of fibroblasts and epidermal cells

Front 5

VEGF Secreted by

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mesenchymal cells upon stimulation by hypoxia, TGF-beta and PDGF

Front 6

VEGF Stimulates

Back 6

vasculogenesis and angiogensis
-Stimulates endothelial cell migration and proliferation and increases local vascular permeability

Front 7

FGF Produced by

Back 7

by activated macrophages and some endothelial cells

Front 8

FGF Stimulates

Back 8

growth of capillaries and is mitogenic for fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and several mesenchymal cells

-angiogenesis, wound repair, muscle and tissue development and hematopoiesis

Front 9

TGF beta is produced by

Back 9

by platelets, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, astrocytes and microglia

Front 10

TGF beta induces

Back 10

formation of granulation tissue

Front 11

TGF Beta effects

Back 11

Stimulates deposition of extracellular matrix
Increase expression of integrin receptors
Regulatory effects on embyrogenesis
Growth inhibitor for most epithelial cells and leukocytes secondary to increased expression of CDK inhibitors (Cip/Kip and INK4/ARF)

Front 12

Receptors for TGF-beta have

Back 12

serine/threonine kinase activity

Front 13

Active TGF-beta triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic transcription factors called

Back 13

Smads

Front 14

TGF beta has immunosuppresive capabilities by

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suppression of lymphocyte differentiation and inhibition of the production of interleukins, interferons, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF and c-kit

Front 15

Receptors with Intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase Activity

Back 15

IGF, PDGF, VEGF, FGF, c-Kit and insulin
Binding induces dimerization of the receptor leading to activation of the receptor kinase. The active kinase phosphorylates downstream effectors:
Phospholipase C and PI-3 Kinase

Front 16

Interleukins, interferons, erythropoietin, G-CSF, GH and PRL
Receptors transmit

Back 16

extracellular signals to the nucleus by activating members of the JAK (Jannus family) kinases
JAK kinases activate cytoplasmic transcription factors called STATs that enter the nucleus and begin transcription

Front 17

ADH, 5-HT, histamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, calcitonin, glucagon, PTH, ACTH and a number of pharmaceuticals
Phosphorylate through the action of

Back 17

cyclic AMP (cAMP)