Pathology

Front 1

Hemorrhages

Back 1

Pleural Cavity Hemothorax

Pericardial space hemopericardium

Peritoneal cavity hemoperitoneum

Joint space hemarthrosis

Front 2

Common cause of active hyperemia occurring as a normal response; a pathologic response

Back 2

Normal physiologic response to an increased functional demand such as heart and skeletal muscle during exercise; pathologically, inflammatory cells release vasoactive chemicals which cause vasodilation resulting in the Atumor, rubor and color of inflammation.

Front 3

How passive congestion of body organs occurs

Back 3

A generalized in crease in venous pressure, typically from chronic heart failure, results in slower blood flow and consequent increase in the volume of blood in many organs including liver, spleen and kidneys. It may also occur as a result of venous blockage in a lower extremity (deep vein thrombosis)

Front 4

Three factors involved in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis.

Back 4

A: Damage to the endothelium (usually atherosclerosis)

B: Alterations in blood flow from turbulence or slowing in narrowed arteries

C: Increased coagulability of blood (ex. oral contraceptives)

Front 5

Name the two end results of arterial thrombosis which lead to the highest evidence of morbidity/mortality; give the major complication of thrombi in any location

Back 5

A: Myocardial infarct and cerebral infarct (stroke)

B: Major complication of infarct is embolism

Front 6

List the condition that favor the development of deep vein thrombosis

Back 6

Stasis- due to heart failure, venous insufficiency, prolonged bed rest/immobilizatio

Injury - trauma, surgery, childbirth

Hypercoagulability - oral contraceptives, late pregnancy, cancer

Advanced age

Sickle cell disease

Front 7

Four ways that pulmonary emboli may present clinically

Back 7

Asymptomatic -small pulmonary emboli

Transient dyspnea and tacynea without other symtoms

Pulmonary infarct with pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis and pleural effusion