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14 Cards in this Set
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Neoplasm =
Tumor = |
Literally "new formation"
Willis - "an abmormal mass of tissue, growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue, and persists after stimuli which evoked change is removed" Latin - "swelling" general term -> non neoplasms and non-neoplastic lesions (metaplasia, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, choristoma, hamartoma) |
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Neoplasia =
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a process of abnormal, autonomous cell proliferation (autonomous in terms of growth stimuli, although it does still depend on host for nutrition and blood)
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Benign =
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a locally growing neoplasm with no invasion or metastasis, usually highly differentiated
tend to grow slowly and permit long survival, usually less dangerous than malignant neop but may cause clinical problems generally designated by the suffix "-oma" |
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malignant =
cancer = |
a neoplasm that can invade or metastasize, or with ability to invade normal tissue and kill patient (ex - aggressive brain neoplasms compress brain parenchyma)
a malignant neoplasm |
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metastasis =
Primary vs Secondary neoplasm = |
aka secondary neoplasm/metastatic neoplasm
refers to the process and the second cancer caused by the growth of cancer cells at a second, separate site Process: detachment and movement of cancer cells directly in peritoneal cavity, or by invading basement membrane and gaining access to lymph channels or blood vessels - surface molecules on neoplastic cells allow them to "home" to new tissue Frequent sites: liver and lungs original vs metastatic neoplasm |
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Carcinoma =
Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma = ex. Keratoma/Squamous cell carcinoma = Small cell carcinoma = Melanocyte Nevus/Melanoma = |
malignant neoplasm with epithelial origin (may be ecto, meso, or endodermally derived). Parenchyma = neoplastic epithelial component, Stroma = non-neoplastic CT component
(im "mixed tumors" stroma and parenchyma are neoplastic) Term may be modified by adjectives to indicate cell type and degree of differentiation ex - "squamous cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, well or poorly differentiated carcinoma" Tumor with glandular tissue origin Tumor of squamous epithelium Tumor of neuroendocrine cells (these are carcinoid - potentially malignant) Tumor of melanocyte |
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Acinar =
Papillary = Stroma = |
glandular
forms finger-like growth with central stalk and epithelial surface vascular CT supporting the parenchyma of an organ or proliferating cells of a neoplasm |
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Sarcoma =
Fibroma/Fibrosarcoma = Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma = Rhabdomyoma/Rhabdomyosarcoma = Osteoma/Osteosarcoma = Chondroma/Chondrosarcoma = Hemangioma/Angiosarcoma = Lymphangioma/Angiosarcoma = |
malignant neoplasm with mesenchymal origin (CT, bone, fat, muscle)
Tumors of fibroblasts Tumors of smooth muscle cells Tumor of striated muscle cells Tumor of Bone Tumor of Cartilage Tumor of Blood Vessel Tumor of Lymphatics |
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Leukemia =
Lymphoma = Astrocytoma = |
Malignant tumor of bone marrow
Malignant tumor of lymphoid cells Malignany tumor of astrocytes (neuroglia) |
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Differentiation =
Anaplasia = Pleomorphism = Atypia = Dysplasia = |
extent of morphological and functional resemblance to comparable normal cells
A characteristic of and criterion for ID of malignant transformation - failure of cells to differentiate to normal adult phenotype varying size and shape/appearance of cells within a tumor irregular, not conforming to cell type - Nuclei may be larger, darker, with irregular contour a premalignant change, loss of normal cell and tissue differentiation -> abnormal size, shape and cell organization |
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Dysplasia =
Classic example: |
can be thought of as intermediate between "normal" (low grade dysplasia closer to normal) and "carcinoma" (high grade closer to carcinoma)
HPV infection of uterine cervix -> molecular and morphological changes, low grade may revert to normal or progress to carcinoma |
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Carcinoma in situ =
Teratoma = Hamartoma = |
a histologically malignant lesion that has not yet invaded
a benign neoplasm arising from a totipotent cell, therefore contains a variety of parenchymal cell types, usually components from all 3 germ layers (teeth, hair, sebaceous glands, etc) benign and disorderly mass of tissues that are normally present at the site - NOT a neoplasm |
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Metaplasia =
Hyperplasia = Hypertrophy = Choristoma = Hamartoma = |
change from one cell to another cell type in adult tissue
ex - barretts esophagus increase # of cells ex - polyp of colon, BPH increase size of cells ex - cardiac "separated" normal cells in abnormal location ex - pancreatic tissue in esophagus see previous ex - pulmonary hamartoma - primarily cartilage, also resp epith, fat, fibrous tissue, BVs |
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Tissue Type:
Epithelium Mesenchyme Hematolymphoid Melanocytes Neuroglial cells Name Malignant Category and Immunoperoxidase Marker: |
Carcinoma - Keratin intermed filament
Sarcoma - Vimentin intermed filament Leukemia/Lymphoma - Cell surface markers (eg LCA) Melanoma - S100 Protein eg Astrocytoma - GFAP, neurofilament |
