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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is acute rhinitis? what causes it?
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- the common cold
- caused by viruses (esp. adenovirus) |
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what is the most common illness?
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- acute rhinitis
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what are the clinical symptoms of acute rhinitis?
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- sneezing
- nasal congestion - mild sore throat |
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what are the three types of rhinitis?
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1. common cold
2. allergic rhinitis 3. bacterial infection |
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describe allergic rhinitis
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- mediated by IgE type I immune reaction involving mucosal and submucosal mast cells
- increased eosinophils in the peripheral blood and nasal discharge |
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define: rhinitis
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Inflammation of nasal mucosa.
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what is acute rhinitis from bacterial infection?
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- infection may be superimposed on acute viral or allergic rhinitis by injury to mucosal cilia
- most commonn bugs: - streptococci - staphylococci - H. inf |
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what can acute rhinitis from bacterial infection cause?
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- fibrous scarring
- decreased vascularity - atrophy of the epithelium and mucous glands |
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what is sinusitis? what is it caused by?
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- inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
- caused by extension of nasal cavity or dental infection |
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what happens in sinusitis?
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- obstructed drainage outlets from the sinuses -> accumulatin of mucoid secretions of exudate
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what is laryngitis?
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- acute inflammation of the larynx from viruses or bacteria, irritants, or overuse of voice
- inflammation and edema of the vocal cords -> hoarseness |
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what is acute epiglotittis?
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- inflammation of the epiglottis
- may be life threatening in young children - caused by H. inf |
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what is acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?
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- acute inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and epiglottis
- potentially life threatening in infants - caused by viral infection - harsh cough and inspiratory stridor |
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what are the malignant tumors ofthe nose and nasal sinuses?
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1. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2. squamous cell carcinoma 3. adenocarcinoma 4. plasmacytoma |
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what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
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- a malingnant tumor of the nose and sinuses
- most common in SE asia and east africa - caused by EBV |
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what is squamous cell carcinoma?
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- most frequently occuring malignant nasal tumor
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what is the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the nose and throat?
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- 5% of the malignant tumors of the nose and throat
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what is plasmacytoma?
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- plasma cell neoplasm that, in its extraosseous form, makes tumors in the upper respiratory tract
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list the tumors of the larynx
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- singer's nodule
- laryngeal papilloma - squamous cell carcinoma |
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what is the singer's nodule?
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- a small, benign laryngeal polyp induced by constant irritation
- most commonly associated by heavy cigarette smoking - localized to the true vocal cords |
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what is a laryngeal papilloma?
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- a bening neoplasm
- associated with the true vocal cords - in adults, usually occurs singly, and sometimes undergoes malignant change - in childen, multiple lesions (from HPV) appear: benign, but offten recur after resection |
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what is squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx? what is its epidemiology?
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- most cmmon maligant tumor of the larynx
- seen in men >40 - associated wtih cigarette smoking and alcoholism |
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how does squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx initially present?
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- persistent hoarseness
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what are the different types of squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx?
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- glottic carcinoma
- supraglottic and subglottic carcinoma |
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what is glottic carcinoma?
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- a type of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
- forms on true vocal cords - most common laryngeal carcinoma and has the best prognosis |
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what are supraglottic and subglottic carcinomas?
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- types of squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx
- less common - typically has a poorer prognosis |
