Pathology

Front 1

in the GI tract the submucosal neural plexus is known as

Back 1

Meissner plexus

Front 2

the myenteric plexus is known as

Back 2

Auerbach plexus

Front 3

in esophageal atresia the esophagus frequently communicates with the

Back 3

trachea by a fistula

Front 4

achalasia is characterized by

Back 4

aperistalis, partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter with swallowing, and increased resting tone of lower esophageal sphincter

Front 5

a hiatal hernia is

Back 5

seperation of the diaphgragmatic crura and widening of hte space btwn the muscular crura and the esophageal wall

Front 6

small lacerations in esophagus frequently encountered in chronic alcoholics are known as

Back 6

Mallory-weiss tears

Front 7

the most common and important cause of esophagitis is

Back 7

reflux

Front 8

Barrett esophagus is charcaterized by

Back 8

distal squamous mucosa replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium

Front 9

esophageal diverticula occuring immediately above the upper esophageal sphincter are known as

Back 9

Zenker diverticula

Front 10

esophageal varices are most frequently caused by

Back 10

Portal hypertension

Front 11

esophageal varices are most often associated with

Back 11

alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 12

the most common benign tumor of the esophagus

Back 12

Leiomyoma

Front 13

name two of the most common environmental influences linked to carcinoma of the esophagus

Back 13

alcohol consumption and tobacco use

Front 14

the most common location of malignant tumors of the esophagus is

Back 14

middle third

Front 15

name the five anatomic parts of the stomach

Back 15

carida, fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

Front 16

name the four major cell types found within the gastric mucosa

Back 16

mucous cell, parietal cells, chief cells, endocrine and enteroendocrine cells

Front 17

projectile vomiting in infants is most frequently cuased by what anatomic lesion of the stomach

Back 17

congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Front 18

the most important etiolgic factor associated with chronic gastritis and increased risk for peptic ulcers

Back 18

Helicobacter pylori

Front 19

chronic gastritis can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B12 resulting in

Back 19

pernicious anemia

Front 20

Cushing ulcers

Back 20

gastric, dudoenal, and esophageal tears arising in patients withintracranial injury operation or tumors

Front 21

Curling ulcers

Back 21

proximal duodenum and associated with severe burns or trauma

Front 22

the most common site of chronic peptic ulcers

Back 22

first portion of duodenum

Front 23

are peptic ulcers most often multiple or solitary

Back 23

solitary

Front 24

what four conditions are felt to be important in causation of dudoenal ulcers

Back 24

alcoholic cirrhosis chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism

Front 25

the most common benign tumor of the stomach is

Back 25

gastric polyp

Front 26

the most common reason for frozen section during gastric ulcer surgery is

Back 26

to rule out malignancy

Front 27

a diffuse infiltration and thickening of the gastric wall by cancer is a lesion known as

Back 27

Linitis plastica

Front 28

malignant gastric epithelia cells which contain mucin vacuoles that distend the cells and compress the nucleus are known as

Back 28

Signet ring cells

Front 29

what gastric cancer metastasizxes to the ovaries these lesions are known as

Back 29

Krukenberg tumors

Front 30

Brunner glands are found in which part of the small intestine

Back 30

Duodenum

Front 31

the ligament of Teitz demarcates the _____ from the

Back 31

duodenum, jejunum

Front 32

peristence of vesitgial remnant of the viteline duct is known as

Back 32

Meckel diverticulum

Front 33

most commonly Meckel diverticulum occur in

Back 33

ileum within two feet of the ieocecal valve

Front 34

careful examination of the lesions noted above should be performed for evidence of

Back 34

gastric or pancreatic mucosa

Front 35

list three of the most common causes of atrerial infarcations of small intestine

Back 35

severe atherosclerosis, systemic vasculitis, dissecting aneurysm

Front 36

name three different terms for granulomatous enteritis and list hte most common invovled site

Back 36

terminal ileitis, regional enteritis, Crohns dieseae most frequently involved site is the terminal ileum

Front 37

which form of inflammatory bowel disease is most frequently associated with the development of cancer

Back 37

ulcerative colitis

Front 38

carcinoid tumors most frequently occur in what part of the GI tract

Back 38

appendix

Front 39

celiac disease is also known as

Back 39

Gluten-senstive enteropathy and Nontropical Sprue

Front 40

intussusception

Back 40

occurs when one segment of the small intestine constricted by a wave of peristalsis suddenly becomes telescoped into the immdediate distal segement of bowel

Front 41

volvulus

Back 41

complete twisting of a loop of bowel about its mesenteric base of attachment which also produces intestinal obstruction and infarction

Front 42

congenital megacolon

Back 42

Hirshsprung disease has an absence of ganglion cells in the muscle wall and submucosa of the affected segment

Front 43

a special stain used at frozen section to aid in the diagnosis of congenital megacolon is

Back 43

Acetylcholinesterase

Front 44

the occasional confusion btwn colonic cancer and diverticulosis is caused by histomorphologic changes

Back 44

inflammation leading to marked fibrotic thickening in and about the colon wall sometime producing narrowing

Front 45

characteristic yellow green inflammatory exudate covering the colonic mucosa is characterstic of

Back 45

pseudomembranous colitis

Front 46

pseudomembrnous colitis is associated with

Back 46

antibiotic therapy

Front 47

the above lesion is most frequently associated with which particular organism

Back 47

Clostridium difficle

Front 48

name four different types of polyps of the colon

Back 48

hyperplastic polyps, juvenile polyps, Peutz-Jeghers polyps, adenomatous polyps

Front 49

the most important structure to be evaluated in the examination of a colonic polyp is

Back 49

the stalk

Front 50

a syndrome that combines multiple adenomatous polyps of the colon with brain tumors is known as

Back 50

Turcot syndrome

Front 51

the finding of multiple hamartomatous polyps of the GI tract is characterstic of what syndrome

Back 51

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Front 52

a napkin ring tumor of the colon is most frequently seen on which side

Back 52

distal colon

Front 53

the greatest percentage of all carcinomas of the colon are

Back 53

adenocarcinomas

Front 54

histologic criterion for the diagnosis of actue appendicitis is

Back 54

neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis

Front 55

the malignant counter part of a begnin mucocele of the appendix is

Back 55

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Front 56

exudation of large amounts of mucionous and jelly like secretion within the peritoneal cavity associated with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of hte appendix or ovary is known as

Back 56

pseudomyxoma peritonei

Front 57

the most frequent cause of peritoneal adhesions is

Back 57

surgical procedures

Front 58

in the GI tract the submucosal neural plexus is known as

Back 58

Meissner plexus

Front 59

the myenteric plexus is known as

Back 59

Auerbach plexus

Front 60

in esophageal atresia the esophagus frequently communicates with the

Back 60

trachea by a fistula

Front 61

achalasia is characterized by

Back 61

aperistalis, partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter with swallowing, and increased resting tone of lower esophageal sphincter

Front 62

a hiatal hernia is

Back 62

seperation of the diaphgragmatic crura and widening of hte space btwn the muscular crura and the esophageal wall

Front 63

small lacerations in esophagus frequently encountered in chronic alcoholics are known as

Back 63

Mallory-weiss tears

Front 64

the most common and important cause of esophagitis is

Back 64

reflux

Front 65

Barrett esophagus is charcaterized by

Back 65

distal squamous mucosa replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium

Front 66

esophageal diverticula occuring immediately above the upper esophageal sphincter are known as

Back 66

Zenker diverticula

Front 67

esophageal varices are most frequently caused by

Back 67

Portal hypertension

Front 68

esophageal varices are most often associated with

Back 68

alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 69

the most common benign tumor of the esophagus

Back 69

Leiomyoma

Front 70

name two of the most common environmental influences linked to carcinoma of the esophagus

Back 70

alcohol consumption and tobacco use

Front 71

the most common location of malignant tumors of the esophagus is

Back 71

middle third

Front 72

name the five anatomic parts of the stomach

Back 72

carida, fundus, body, antrum, pylorus