Pathology

Front 1

prematurity is defined as

Back 1

infants born before completion of the normal gestational period

Front 2

what are the leading causes of death in the first twelve months of life?

Back 2

congenital anomalies, disorders relating to short gestation and low birth weight SIDS

Front 3

Grossly immature lungs or lungs from an infant are

Back 3

unexpanded, red and meaty

Front 4

What anatomic feature is present in immature kidneys

Back 4

incomplete formation of glomeruli

Front 5

transient physiologic jaudince in the neonate is the result of

Back 5

breakdown of fetal red cells and inadequacy of biliary excretory function of liver cells

Front 6

the five clinical signs used in Apgar scoring are

Back 6

Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, response to catheter in nostril, color

Front 7

birth injuries most commonly involve what parts of the body

Back 7

head, skeletal system, liver, adrenals, and peripheral nerves

Front 8

Caput succedaneum

Back 8

progressive accumulation of interstitial fluid in the soft tissues of the scalp giving rise to circular area of edema and congestion where the head begins to enter the lower uterine wall

Front 9

Cephalhematoma

Back 9

hemorrhage occurring in the scalp

Front 10

what is the most common important pathologic finding associated with birth head injuries?

Back 10

intracranial hemorrhage

Front 11

malformations known to be genetic in origin can be divided into what two groups?

Back 11

those associated with karyotypic aberrations, those arising from single gene mutation

Front 12

list four of the most common chromosomal syndromes in order of frequency

Back 12

Trisomy 21, Klinefelter syndrome, turner syndrome, Trisomy 13

Front 13

LIst three of the most common environmental influences that produce malformations in the fetus and infant

Back 13

Viral infections, drugs, irradiation

Front 14

the two most common viral infections of the newborn are

Back 14

Rubella Virus, and cytomegalovirus

Front 15

the major clinical triad seen in rubella syndrome is composed of

Back 15

cataracts, heart defects, and deafness

Front 16

the classic histologic finding associated with cytomegalic inclusion disease is

Back 16

markedly enlarged cells with large purple intranuclear inclusions surrounded by a clear halo and smaller basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions

Front 17

congential cytomegalic inclusion disease closely resembles what other childhood condition

Back 17

erythroblastosis fetalis

Front 18

respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn is also known as

Back 18

hyaline membrane diseaes

Front 19

the most common pathophysiologic defect in respiratory distress syndrome is

Back 19

deficency of pulmonary surfactant

Front 20

grossly lungs from a patient with respiratory distress syndrome are

Back 20

solid, airless and reddish purple and usually sink in water

Front 21

the disease seen as a result of prolonged oxygen toxicity in hyaline membrane disease is

Back 21

bronchopulmonary displasia

Front 22

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 22

hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by blood group incompatibility btwn mother and child

Front 23

what pathological process occurs to allow the development of erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 23

immunization of the mother by blood group antigens on fetal red cells and the free passage of antibodies from the mother through the placenta to fetus

Front 24

what clincal treatment is used to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 24

Rhesus immune globulin (RhIg) containing anti-D antibodies

Front 25

what are the two consequences of excessive destruction of red blood cells in the neonate

Back 25

Anemia and jaundice

Front 26

the most serious problem in erythroblastosis fetalis is

Back 26

damage to the nervous system and is known as Kernicterus

Front 27

the most common histologic changes in erythroblastosis fetalis are

Back 27

identification of abnormally increased erythropoietic activity increased number of reticulocytes, normoblast and erythroblasts in circulating blood

Front 28

Cystic fibrosis

Back 28

mucoviscidosis-is a widespread disorder of epithelial transport affecting fluid secretion in exocrine glands and the epithelial lining of the respiratory, GI and repo tracts

Front 29

pathologic changes of pancreas in cystic fibrosis patients

Back 29

mild accumulations of mucous in the small ducts with some dilation of exocrine glands in advanced stage ducts are totally plugged

Front 30

pathologic changes of liver in cystic fibrosis patients

Back 30

bile cnaliculi are plugged by mucinous material biliary cirrhosis may develop

Front 31

pathologic changes in salivary glands of patients with cystic fibrosis

Back 31

progressive dilation of ducts, squamous metaplasia of the lining epithelium and glandular atrophy followed by fibrosis

Front 32

pathologic changes in lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis

Back 32

viscous mucus secretions of submucosal glands of respiratory tree with secondary obstruction and infection of air passages

Front 33

SIDS

Back 33

sudden infant death syndrome-the sudden death of an infant under 1yr which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation

Front 34

what is the clincal presentation of SIDS

Back 34

infants die at home, usually during the night after a period of sleep 90% during 1st year of life

Front 35

list most common features of family profile in patients with SIDS

Back 35

young mother, unmarried, shot intergestational intervals low socioeconomic group smoking and drug abuse

Front 36

Choristoma (heterotopia)

Back 36

applied to microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations

Front 37

Hamartoma

Back 37

excessive but focal overgrowth of cells and tissues native to the organ in which it occurs

Front 38

the most common tumor of infancy is

Back 38

Hemangioma

Front 39

name 8 of the most common malignant neoplasms seen in children under 5 yrs

Back 39

Leukemia, Retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, teratoma, CNS tumors

Front 40

what is the most common tumor diagnosed in infants less than one year of age

Back 40

Neuroblastoma

Front 41

list 3 clinical syndromes associated with an increased incidence of the Wilms tumor

Back 41

WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Front 42

the development of vaginal adenosis and vaginal adenocarcinoma is associated with

Back 42

maternal Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure

Front 43

the most common form of lymphoma in African Children is

Back 43

Burkitts lymphoma

Front 44

Burkitts lymphoma is suspected to be caused by which virus

Back 44

Epstein Barr Virus