Pathology 3 Photo-Match

Front 1

Osteoarthritis

Back 1

aka: DJD

- Wear and tear

- Most common type of arthritis.

- Progressive disorder of the synovial joints

(weight bearing)

Front 2

Septic Arthritis

Back 2

- Joint infection caused by bacteria or sometimes fungi.

- Knee: most common

- Children and Elders

- Complete recovery

Front 3

Gout

Back 3

- Sever attack of pain, redness and tenderness in the joint

- Men or women post menopause.

- Urate crystals accumulate around the joint.

Front 4

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Back 4

-Autoimmune Disease

- More common in women (Bilateral)

- Inflammation of the synovial membrane forming a pannus.

Front 5

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Back 5

Pauciarticular: -4 joints. Knees. Eye inflammation and lymph node swelling.

Polyarticular: +5 joints

Systemic (stills): Joints and organs.

Front 6

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Back 6

-ages 15-44 (females)

-Low androgen levels

-Renal failure is the most common cause of death.

Front 7

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

Back 7

-Inflammatory disease where your spine fuses together.

-Hunch forward posture.

-Lower back and hip pain and stiffness.

-Loss of lung capacity

Front 8

Reactive Arthritis (Formerly known as Reiter's Syndrome)

[Can't see. Can't Pee. Can't bend the Knee.]

Back 8

-Joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection elsewhere

-Mostly Males

-HLAB27 positive 90%

-Chlamydia, most common cause

Front 9

Psoriatic Arthritis

Back 9

-HLAB27 positive with immune cases.

-Mutilans: Most severe

-Mild + slowly progressive.

-Some psoriasis patients develop it.

Front 10

Enteropathic Arthritis

Back 10

- Chronic

- IBD (chrones + ulcerative colitis)

-Inflammatory peripheral joints and abdomon.

- Entire spine involved.

-HLAB27 + Genetic link

Front 11

Cretinim (Neonatal Hypothyroidism)

Back 11

-Incomplete Development of the thyroid.

-1 in 3000 births

-Puffy face + thick protruding tongue

-Slow mental and physical development

Front 12

Achondroplasia

Back 12

-Bone growth disorder: dwarfism

-Abnormal hand appearance with space between the long and ring finger.

-Bowed legs

Front 13

Marfan Syndrom

Back 13

-Abnormality in the body's connective tissue (fibrillin)

-Tall, slender with long extremities.

-Chest deformities or scoliosis.

Front 14

Hyperkyphosis (Hunchback)

Back 14

-Thoracic spine curve +40%

-May cause ankylosing spondylitis or osteoporosis.

-Physical therapy: Stretch Pecks, strengthen rhomboids

Front 15

Hyperlordosis

Back 15

-Lumbar Spine

-Postural compensation in obesity or pregnancy.

-Lower back pain and inflammation of lower facets.

Front 16

Scoliosis

Back 16

-Idiopathic in 80%

-Classified as structural or postural (bend forward test)

-High shoulder, rib or projection of scapula.

Front 17

Cleft Palate

Back 17

failure of the palatine process of the maxillary bone to unite during embryonic development. Treated with orthodontics and surgery.

Front 18

Spondylolysis

Back 18

-L5 affected in 90% of cases.

-Occurs in 2-6% of the population.

-Diagnosed at 15

-Leads to stress fractures or spondylolisthesis.

Front 19

Patellofemoral Syndrome (chondromalacia patella)

Back 19

-Breakdown of the cartilage that lines the underside of the kneecap.

-Movie theatre sign

-Normal x-rays

-Physical therapy

Front 20

Dislocation and Subluxation

Back 20

-Displacement of 2 bones at the joint.

-Usually MVA or Sport

-Misshapen Joint

-Swelling

-Discolouration

-Loss of function and pain.

Front 21

Sprain

Back 21

- Joint trauma that stretches or tears the ligaments.

- 3 Grades

- PRISH

- Treatment: RICE

Front 22

Osteopenia

Back 22

- Mild thinning of bone mass.

- Sigh of Osteoporosis

- Bone density test T-Score 0 Normal, 1-2.5 Osteopenia, Less is Osteoporosis.

Front 23

Osteogenesis Imperfecta [Brittle Bone Disease]

Back 23

- Disorder of connective tissue caused by mutilation in the gene for collagen.

- Type I and II

Front 24

Osteogenesis Imperfecta [Brittle Bone Disease]

Type I

Back 24

- Most common

- Blue scalar, hearing problems, teeth

- Autosomal dominant

Front 25

Osteogenesis Imperfecta [Brittle Bone Disease]

Type II

Back 25

- Lethal

- Die due to crushing of bones at birth.

- Sclera are blue.

- Autosomal recessive

Front 26

Acute Osteomyelitis

Back 26

- Bacterial (open wound)

- local or spread via blood stream.

- Staphylococcus aureus characteristics allow it into bone.

Front 27

Chronic Osteomyelitis

Back 27

- From and acute infection that lasts longer than 6-8 weeks.

- Persists or reoccurs.

- Minimal symptoms

- E.coli, pseudomas and staph epidermis common.

Front 28

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis

Back 28

- Caused by spread of primary infection.

- In the thoracic or lumbar spine - called Pott Disease.

-Psoas abscess often associated with bone infection.

Front 29

Paget's Disease [Osteitis Deformans]

Back 29

-Progressive bone disease

-Excessive bone remodelling

-Pelvis, spine, skull or leg bones.

-Men more likely

Front 30

Osteoporosis

Back 30

-Low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue.

-Increased bone fragility and risk of fracture.

-Spine, hips and wrist

-peek bone mass: 16 women and 20 males. Loss: Post-30

Front 31

Osteomalacia

Back 31

-Softening of adult bone due to Vit. D deficiency.

-Fracture happens with very little injury.

-Muscle weakness.

Front 32

Rickets

Back 32

- Childhood disease

- Lack of Vit. D

- Bone pain and tenderness.

-Pelvic/Spinal/Dental deformities + bowleged

Front 33

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Back 33

- Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis (growth plate) of the femoral head.

- Insidious onset. Child does not complain.

- 1-1200 children

- Hip/Groin pain, referred to thigh.

Front 34

Kienbock's disease

Back 34

- Avascular necrosis of the carpal lunate.

- age 20-40

- Pain and disability

- Treated surgically

Front 35

Scheuermann's Disease

Back 35

- Osteochondrosis of thoracic vertebrae with associated vertebral wedging (compressed nerve.)

- Ages 13-17

- Males more than females

Front 36

Osgood-Schlatter's disease

Back 36

- Common cause of knee pain.

- Micro-fractures in area where the patellar tendon inserts into the tibial tubercle.

- Bony bump on the tibial tuberosity.

Front 37

Sever's Disease

Back 37

- AKA:Calcaneal Apophysitis

- Inflammation in the growth plate of children.

- Heel

- Due to repetitive stress

Front 38

Osteochondritis Dissecans

Back 38

- Bone/cartilage inflammation.

- Loss of blood supply to an area of bone beneath the surface of a joint. *Knee* common

Front 39

Benign Bone Tumours

Back 39

- Well-demarkated edges.

- Sharpey's fibers attach periosteum to bone. Very painful.

- Ex: Osteoma...

Front 40

Osteochondroma [Exostosis]

Back 40

- Most common benign skeletal tumour (20%)

- Can be sessile (flat) or pedunculate (mushroom shaped.) and attached to a bone by a bony stalk.

Front 41

Osteoid Osteoma [Osteoma]

Back 41

- Small, painful lesion of bone composed go osseous tissue and surrounded by a halo of reactive bone formation.

- Compact or spongy bone.

- Found on the surface of long bone, flat bone or skull.

Front 42

Malignant Bone Tumours

Back 42

- Rare before age 10

- Grow rapidly

- Extend beyond bone

- Ill-defined edges

Front 43

Osteosarcoma

Back 43

- Most common primary malignant bone tumour (20%)

- Due to Paget's or radiation exposure.

- Spreds to the lymph nodes or local soft tissues.

- Deep local pain

- Night time awakening

Front 44

Chondrosarcoma

Back 44

- 2nd most common primary malignant bone tumour.

- Cartilaginous in origin.

- Knee, pelvis, shoulder, femer

- After age 40

- Usually painless.

Front 45

Ewing Sarcoma

Back 45

- A group of small, round cell, undifferentiated tumours thought to be of neural crest origin.

- Early teen years

- Metastasizes to the lungs.