Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
epididymitis
|
inflammation of epididymis causing scrotal pain
|
|
|
population at risk for epididymitis
|
young sexually active men
|
|
|
urethral inflammation presenting with discharge and painful urination which is an STD in older men
|
urethritis
|
|
|
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
|
previous family hx in men over 5
|
|
|
second most common cause of cancer in men
|
prostate cancer
|
|
|
most common bacterially caused STD in US
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
how does chlamydia present in men and women
|
cervicitis and urethritis
painful urination and discharge |
|
|
ocular signs of chlamydia
|
inferior palpebral conjunctiva follicle
chronic red eye |
|
|
tx for chlamydia
|
azithromycin
doxycycline oxyfloxin |
|
|
std that causes hyperacute muccupureulent discharge
|
gonorrhea
|
|
|
symptoms of gonnorrhea
|
asymptomatic or can have vagnal discharge urethritis, burn when pee
|
|
|
gonorrhea tx
|
1 dose ceftriaxone 125mg IM and doxycylcine 100 mg po BID x 7d
|
|
|
why is doxycycline given to tx gonorrhea
|
bc most of time chlamydia is w the gonorrhea
|
|
|
Thayer Martin agar
|
gonorrhea
|
|
|
wright gram stain
|
herpes simplex
|
|
|
mucosal lesion on lips
|
HSV 1
|
|
|
mucosal lesion on mucosa of sex organs
|
HSV 2
|
|
|
prodrome of HSV
|
itching
tingling irritation |
|
|
HSV tx
|
acyclovir
famcylovir |
|
|
infection of cervix either due to vaginal infxn or STD can be asymptomatic or cause yellow discharge and/or postcoital bleeding
|
cervicitis
|
|
|
common but treatable form of cancer in one due to HPV
|
cervical cancer
|
|
|
diffuse breast pain and multiple dense lesions that do not increase risk of breast cancer
|
fibrocystic breast dz
|
|
|
small mobile firm mass with sharp edges affecting women under age 25
|
fibroadenoma
|
|
|
where do breast tumors metastize to the most
|
retina
|
|
|
malignant carcinoma of breast
|
infiltrating ductile
|
|
|
malignant lymphatic involving breast cancer with poor prognosis
|
inflammatory
|
|
|
malignant red patches on nipple
|
paget's dz
|
|
|
malignant multiple and bilateral clusters of cells in intraductal lobules in breast
|
infiltarting lobular cancer
|
|
|
malignany cellular carcinoma with scant stromal and lymphocytic infiltrates
|
medullary
|
|
|
protein malnutrition causing skin lesions, anemia, edema, and liver malfxn
SMALL child with SWOLLEN BELLY |
kwashiorkor
|
|
|
protein calorie malnutrition causing tissue wasting
pt has wt loss and tissue loss |
marasmus
|
|
|
what do alcoholics have
|
increased liver enzymes and GGT
decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase and vitamin B |
|
|
what are alcoholics prone to
|
gallstones
hepatitis cirrohsis |
|
|
psychosis, ophthalmoplegia, atatxia, memory loss, confusion, and vitamin B deficiency seen in alcoholics
|
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
|
|
|
alcoholism tx
|
disulfaraum
benzodiazepines |
|
|
life threatening alcohol withdrawl 2-5 days after last drink
|
deilirium tremens
|
|
|
what fails to close in spina bifida
|
posterior vertebral arches
|
|
|
what is intact in spina bifida
|
meninges
spinal cord |
|
|
what can be seen in site of defect in spina bifida pts
|
small skin dimple or hair
|
|
|
asymptomatic spina bifida
|
spina biffida oculta
|
|
|
what symptoms seen in severe spina biffida
|
lower body dysfxn of bowel, bladder, legs
decreased learning ability enlrg ventricles |
|
|
most severe neural tube defect resulting in death because brain and cranial bones are absent
|
anencephaly
|
|
|
muscular hypertrophy of pyloric muscle in babies reulting in porjectile vomitting
|
pyloric stenosis
|
|
|
teratology of fallout
|
right to left shunt causing blue babies
pulmonary stenosis cyanosis boot shaped heart |
|
|
left to right shunt
|
more common
blue kids VSD, ASD, PDA |
|
|
mental slowness or retardation along with impaired vol muscle fxn, seizures, speech, sensory defects and hyperactiveness
|
cerebral palsy
|
|
|
type 1 diabetes melitus incidence and onset
|
not common
juvenile |
|
|
type 1 DM due to
|
severe B cell depletion cant make insuln
|
|
|
type 1 DM tx
|
need insulin
|
|
|
triad of type 1 DM
|
polyuria
polydipsea weight loss |
|
|
do type 1 DM get ketoacidosis
|
yes
|
|
|
are type 1 DM intolerant to glucose
|
yes
|
|
|
type 1 DM shows what in blood
|
high glucose levels
Hb A1C |
|
|
insulin does what
|
puts glucose into cells
|
|
|
DM is characterized by
|
poor insulin response
glucose underutilizatio hyperglycemia |
|
|
why do type 1 DM get ketoacidossi
|
increase insulin demand
|
|
|
type 2 DM incidence and onset
|
most common
adulthood |
|
|
triad of type 2 DM
|
polyuria
polydipsea wt gain |
|
|
type 2 DM are obese
|
TRUE
|
|
|
type 2 DM shows a genetic predisposition
|
TRUE
|
|
|
protein calorie malnutrition causing tissue wasting
pt has wt loss and tissue loss |
marasmus
|
|
|
what do alcoholics have
|
increased liver enzymes and GGT
decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase and vitamin B |
|
|
what are alcoholics prone to
|
gallstones
hepatitis cirrohsis |
|
|
psychosis, ophthalmoplegia, atatxia, memory loss, confusion, and vitamin B deficiency seen in alcoholics
|
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
|
|
|
alcoholism tx
|
disulfaraum
benzodiazepines |
|
|
life threatening alcohol withdrawl 2-5 days after last drink
|
deilirium tremens
|
|
|
what fails to close in spina bifida
|
posterior vertebral arches
|
|
|
what is intact in spina bifida
|
meninges
spinal cord |
|
|
what can be seen in site of defect in spina bifida pts
|
small skin dimple or hair
|
|
|
asymptomatic spina bifida
|
spina biffida oculta
|
|
|
what symptoms seen in severe spina biffida
|
lower body dysfxn of bowel, bladder, legs
decreased learning ability enlrg ventricles |
|
|
most severe neural tube defect resulting in death because brain and cranial bones are absent
|
anencephaly
|
|
|
muscular hypertrophy of pyloric muscle in babies reulting in porjectile vomitting
|
pyloric stenosis
|
|
|
teratology of fallout
|
right to left shunt causing blue babies
pulmonary stenosis cyanosis boot shaped heart |
|
|
left to right shunt
|
more common
blue kids VSD, ASD, PDA |
|
|
mental slowness/retardation, imparied vol muscle fxn, seizure, speech and sensory defects
|
cerebral palsy
|
|
|
what characterizes DM
|
poor insulin response
glucose underutilization hyperglycemia |
|
|
incidence of type 1 dm
|
not common 20%
|
|
|
onset of type 1 dm
|
young ppl
|
|
|
cause of type 1 dm
|
lack of insulin production due to defecient beta cells
|
|
|
what is seen in blood work of DM
|
high glucose
Hb A1C |
|
|
what is one complication DM 1
|
ketoacidosis
|
|
|
tx of type 1
|
insulin
|
|
|
what 3 things are seen in type 1
|
polyuria
polydyspia wt loss |
|
|
type 2 onset
|
adults
|
|
|
type 2 cause
|
peripheral insulin resistance make insulin but are resistant to it
|
|
|
type 2 incidence
|
most common 80%
|
|
|
what is associated with type 2
|
obesity and genetics
|
|
|
tx of type 2
|
exercise
diet glycemics insulin PRN |
|
|
what 3 things seen in type 2
|
polyueia
polydypsia wt gain |
|
|
extreme thirst, frequent urination caused by ADH deficiency
|
diabetes insipidus
|
|
|
symptoms of hypothyroidism
|
slow BMR
fat lazy lethargic decreased appetite constipation weak hairy cold intolerantt |
|
|
lab work of hypothyroidism
|
decrease T3 & T4
increased TSH |
|
|
most common cause of hypothyroidism
|
primary hypothyroidism
|
|
|
secondary hypothyroidism
|
TSH deficiency due to hypopituitarism
|
|
|
autoimmune mediated destruction of thyroid gland seen in regions of iron defieciency
|
hashimotos thyroiditis
|
|
|
hyperthyroidsim symptoms
|
increased BMR
skinny increased appetite anxious palpitations warm skin heat intolerant |
|
|
autoimmune hyperthryoidism due to TSH Ab causing proptosis, EOM infiltration
|
Grave's dz
|
|
|
lab work of hyperthyroidism
|
high T3 & T4
decreased TSH |
|
|
hyperparathryoidism causes
|
hypercalcemia
PTH puts Ca in blood |
|
|
hyperPTH symptoms
|
Bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychotic moans, fatigue overtones
|
|
|
hypoPTH due to
|
thyroidectomy
|
|
|
hypoPTH causes
|
tetany, muscle cramps, PSC, long QT and T waves
|
|
|
hypoPTH does what to Ca
|
hypolcalcemia
|
|
|
over production of anterior pituitart due to pituitary adenoma or hypothalamic disorders
|
hyperpituitarism
|
|
|
under secretion of pituitary hormones due to pituitary adenomas, granulomas, aneurysms, brain tumors
|
hypopituitarism
|
|
|
autoimmune atrophy of adrenals
|
addison's dz
|
|
|
what happens is addison's dz
|
not enough cortisol so weak, tired, anorexia, wt loss, diarrea, hypotension
|
|
|
excessive corticosteroid production either due to ACTH deficiency or excessive secretion of cortisol in adrenals
|
cushing's
|
|
|
describe cushing's patient
|
central obesity
moon face buffalo hump |
|
|
very rare tumor of adrenal glands or anywhere in sympathetic nervous chain
|
pheochromcytomas
|
|
|
5 P's of pf pheocromocytoma
|
high Pressure
Pain (HA) Perspiraton Pallor Anxiety - sense of doom |
