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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is chronic inflammation characterized by?
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Chronic inflammation is characterized by (1) infiltration by mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells); (2) tissue injury, mediated largely by inflammatory cells; and (3) repair by granulation tissue, leading to scarring.
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what increases retraction of endothelial cells to an area of inflammation
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Histamine, prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE, and PGD2), and nitric oxide are the chemical mediators responsible for increasing the blood flow to an area of inflammation.
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know mechanisms of increased vascular permeability
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retraction of endothelial cells (histamine, NO, other mediators), endothelial injury (burns, microbial toxins), leukocyte-mediated vascular injury (late stages of inflammation); increased transcytosis (VEGF causes channels across cells)
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define edema
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increased fluid in extravascular interstitial spaces
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define transudate
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ultrafiltrate of blood extravascular fluid with low protein content (specific gravity <1.012)
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define exudate
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extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration, contains cellular debris, and has a high specific gravity
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compare and contrast acute vs chronic inflammation (causes)
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acute inflammation: injury by caused infarction, bacterial infections, toxins, and trauma
chronic inflammation: acute inflammation that progresses to chronic inflammation, viral infections, chronic infections, persistent injury, autoimmune disease |
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what is chronic inflammation characterized by
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Chronic inflammation is characterized by (1) infiltration by mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells); (2) progressive tissue injury, mediated largely by inflammatory cells; and (3) repair by granulation tissue, leading to scarring.
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what are the acute inflammation cells
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acute inflammation: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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compare and contrast contents of neutrophil and eosinophil granules
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primary granules (azurophilic: defensins that fuse with phagocytic lysosomes); secondary granules (enzymes and antimicrobial peptides released by degranulation); tertiary granules (cathepsin and gelatinase); Eosinophil granules contain major basic protein and eosinophil cationic protein and both are toxic to tissue cells.
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distinguish between fibrinous, purulent, and serous inflammation.
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serous: outpouring of a thin fluid from plasma or mesothelial cells; fibrinous inflamation: when large molecules such as fibrinogen pass through the vascular barrier, and formed and deposited outside; purulent: purulent exudate made up of neutrophils, liquefactive necrosis, and edema fluid
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define an abscess
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focal localized deep collection of purulent inflammatory tissue
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