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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aneurysym |
A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery. Common sites include the thoracic and abdominal aorta and vessels within the brain. Etiology: Congenital defect; weakness in the wall of the vessel often due to chronic hypertension; connective tissue disease (Marfan syndrome); trauma; infection. |
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Angina Pectoris |
A transient precordial sensation of pressure or discomfort resulting from myocardial ischemia. Stable, Unstable, and Prinzmetal (variant). Etiology: Inadequate blood flow and oxygenation of the heart muscle mostly due to coronary artery disease. |
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Atherosclerosis |
A slow progressive accumulation of fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries. Over time the plaque can restrict blood flow, causing a blood clot. Etiology: unknown; may begin with damage or injury to inner wall of artery from hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking or diabetes. Over time, fatty plaques made of cholesterol and other cellular waste products build up at site of injury and harden, narrowing the artery and impeding blood flow. |
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) |
A condition in which the veins and valves in the lower extremity are damaged and cannot keep blood flowing toward the heart. This causes the veins to remain filled with blood. Etiology: Weak or damaged valves inside the veins. Risk factors include age, female gender, obesity, pregnancy, and prolonged sitting or standing. |
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Cor Pulmonale Pulmonary Heart Disease |
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs.
Etiology: Pulmonary hypertension from chronically increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation. |
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atheromatous plaques resulting in diminished blood flow. Etiology: Thought to begin with damage or injury to inner layer of coronary artery, then fatty plaques accumulate. Plaque ruptures cause platelets to clump at site to repair artery, leading to heart attack. |
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) |
Condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins, usually in the lower extremities. Serious condition as the clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism. Etiology: Any condition that impairs normal circulation or normal blood clotting. Many factors increase the risk of a DVT including prolonged sitting or bed rest, inherited disorders, injury or surgery of veins, pregnancy, cancer, birth control or hormonal replacement therapy, obesity, smoking. |
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
Progressive, heart cannot maintain a normal cardiac output to meet body's demands for blood and oxygen. Often develops after other conditions have weakened heart. Ventricles weaken and dilate to the point that the heart can't pump efficiently. Can affect one or both sides of the heart. Blood backs up into liver, abdomen, LE's, and lungs. Can be acute or chronic.
Etiology: CAD, HTN, DM, MI, abnormal heart valves, cardiomyopathy |
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Hypertension (HTN) |
Arterial HTN is a sustained elevation of systolic pressure above 140 or diastolic above 90. Often asymptomatic until complications in the organs. |
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Myocardial Infarction (MI) Heart Attack |
Blood flow through one or more of the coronary arteries is severely reduced or cut off completely. Causes irreversible necrosis to the portion of myocardium supplied by the blocked artery. Etiology: Most occur when ruptured atherosclerotic plaque or blood clot blocks the flow of blood through coronary artery. |
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Peripheral Arterial Disease |
Stenotic, occlusive, and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries. Etiology: Caused primarily by atherosclerosis and thromboembolic processes that alter structure and function of the aorta and its branches. |
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Valvular Heart Disease |
Damage to one or more heart valves results in regurgitation or stenosis of blood flow. Etiology: Congenital defects, calcific degeneration, infective endocarditis, CAD, MI, and rheumatic fever. |
