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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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ubiquitous on skin/mucous membranes;
1. Bacterial endocarditis involving prosthetic valve (extracell. slime) 2. Surgical prostethesis infection 3. Bacteremia |
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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-Not normal flora
-UTI in sexually active 18-25 yr old females |
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Staphylococcus aureus
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normal flora in skin/mucous membranes;
A. Diseases of skin 1. pimples/acne/folliculitis 2. Boils, furuncles 3. carbuncles 4. impetigo 5. cellulitis 6. Scalded Skin Syndrome (ritters dis) B. Diseases of Digestive tract - food poisoning C. Post-op/wound infections D. Pneumonia E. TSS-toxic shock F. Osteomyelitis G. bactermia, endocarditis, meningitis, UTI, stye. |
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6 extracellular substances --> mechanisms for S. aureus disease
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1. Exfoliative toxin
2. Leukocydin C. enterotoxin (exotoxin, heat-stabile) D. coagulase E. protein A f. others - very virulent |
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S. aureus food poisoning
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2-6 hr incubation
unrefrigerated hi-protein food ingestion nausea, vomit, diarrhea self-limiting in 24 hrs cause: enterotoxins A and D |
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#1 cause of osteomyelitis
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Staph aureus
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Cause/symptoms of TSS
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-Staph aureus TSST-1 exotoxin
Inital - hi fever, dizzy, vomit, diarrh. 48 hrs - sunburn rash, hypotensive |
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Streptococcus viridans
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Normal flora in mouth/vagina
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis in damaged (not prosthetic) heart valve (from Rheumatic fever) |
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Enterococcus
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Normal flora in intestine
-Bacteremia -Endocarditis -Wound infections -UTIs |
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Strep group D non-enterococcus
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Normal flora in wait it's RARE in humans
endocarditis |
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S. pneumoniae
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normal flora in oral cavity (small #)
Pathogen because of capsule 1. Lobar pneumonia 2. Meningitis 3. Otitis media 4. Bacteremia |
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Pathology/symptoms of pneumonia
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GPdC S. pneumonia enter lungs; Lobar consolidation from immune response.
High fever, shaking chills, sharp pleural pain, rusty sputum |
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Strep group A --> S. pyogenes
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normal flora in oral cavity of some
1. Strep throat 2. Scarlet fever 3. Erysipelas, cellulitis 4. Impetigo 5. Wound infections 6. Pyogenic infections Necrotizing fasciitis, TSS-like 7. Post-strep diseases (Acute glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever) |
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5 Extracellular products causing Strep pyogenes (groupA) diseases:
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Streptokinase - breaks fibrin, spreads
Streptodornase - degrades DNA of host Hyaluronidase - degrades connect. tissue Erythrogenic toxin -scarlet fever color Hemolysins O and S |
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symptoms of strep throat
symptoms of scarlet fever |
pharyngitis, pyogenous tonsils, slight fever, cervical lymphadenopathy
strep throat + red rash from erythrogenic toxin |
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2 pyogenic Strep A infections:
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necrotizing fasciitis - flesh eating
toxic shock-like syndrome |
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2 post-strep diseases
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1. acute glomerulonephritis
2. rheumatic fever both are hypersensitive reactions from prior infection. seen app. 3 wks after initial infection. |
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Who does Strep group B (agalactiae) typically cause infections in?
Normal flora in: |
NEONATES
-Oral cavity in low #s. May colonize vagina but not normal. |
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#1 cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis:
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Strep group B agalactiae
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Infections caused by Strep group B:
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Neonatal Meningitis/Sepsis
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) Neonatal osteomyelitis |
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B-hemolytic STreps not A, B, or D:
normal flora in: may cause: |
Oral cavity
Pharyngitis |
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What gram positive catalase neg cocci is intrinsically resistant to Vancomycin?
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Leuconostoc
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes what infections?
By what four virulence factors? |
Gonorrhea, Gonococcal pharyngitis, neonatal ophthalmia
-pili -IgA protease (inhibits IgA) -endotoxin -Capsule |
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symptoms of gonorrhoea:
(male/female/both) |
Males: urethritis, dysuria, purulent dischare.
Females: cervicitis, vaginitis, itching/discharge or asymptomatic. Both: proctitis |
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Gonorrhoea complications:
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PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
Gonoccal arthritis Septicemia |
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Neisseria meningitidis causes what disease?
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Meningitis
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Saprophytic neisseria commonly normal flora in:
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Mouth --> IN EVERY MOUTH CAVITY
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What diseases does Moraxella catarrhalis cause?
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Otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, meningitis.
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What infection is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
What causes the pathogenicity? Symptoms: |
Diphtheria
Lysogenic phage encoding exotoxin invades the bacteria; causes production. Pharyngeal membrane, edema, fever, Bull's neck, lymphadenopathy. |
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Where are the Diphtheroids normal flora, what type of infection could they cause
which one is most common |
skin, mucous membranes, vagina.
SBE, bacteremia. only opportunistic in susceptible people though. Most commonly would be C. jeikeium. |
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Which Corynebacterium causes encrusted cystitis?
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C. urealyticum - produces urease and an NH3 around itself protecting itself from phagocytosis. Chronic UTI
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Type of infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes
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Foodborne illness (from cold packaged hot dogs, cheese, milk)
Septicemia/Meningitis in Neonates and susceptible adults. |
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What does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae usually cause
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Erysipeloid (localized cellulitis)
zoonotic disease from hogs to butcher or vet |
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2 types of Bacillus cause what three types of disease?
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B. anthracis - anthrax
B. cereus - diahhretic or emetic food poisoning |
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3 variations of Anthrax:
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-Cutaneous (forms black eschers)
-Pulmonary -Enteritis |
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Difference between emetic and diarrhetic food poisoning:
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emetic is shorter 1-6 hr incubation
comes from fried rice diarrhetic is longer 6-24 hr incubation comes from meats/sauces |
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Infections by Haemophilus influenzae:
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Respitory: Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media.
Meningitis in infants under 2 yrs old Conjunctivitis/Pinkeye |
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What infections would Haemophilus non-influenz. cause (hemolyticus, parainfluenzae, parahemolyticus, etc)?
Where normal flora |
In suscp. patients, Bacteremia or SBE
normal in oral cavity |
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what does haemophilus ducreyi cause?
symptoms |
chancroid; painful ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy
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What bacteria causes whooping cough?
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Bordatella pertussis
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what does bordetella bronchiseptica cause
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respitory tract infections (pneumonia)
wound infections |
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what is especially frightening about Listeria monocytogenes?
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If acquired during pregnancy, can cross the placenta and cause stillborn birth in a neonate.
or cause fetal infections of septicemia and meningitis. |