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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the structure of Neisseria gonorroheae.
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Gram negative cocci, usually diplococci. Not motile, no spores. oxidase and catalase positive. Sensitive to temperature changes, drying, and UV light.
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What are the two roles of pili in Neisseria gonorroheae?
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Enable the bacteria to attach to host cells/antigenic variation and phase variation enable evasion of antibody inactivation. Also, the many different pilin proteins aid in cell evasion.
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What are the pili made of?
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pilin protein subunits.
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What is the role of Opa proteins in Neisseria gonorroheae?
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Aid in intimate attachment to host cells.
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What is the role of Porin (por) proteins in Neisseria gonorroheae?
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Invasion/evasion. They facilitate host cell entry and prevent phagolysosome fusion in neutrophils.
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Describe the lipooligosaccharide.
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The lipid A component of the LOS behaves as an endotoxin. The core polysaccharide has no O-side chain. This aids in evasion.
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What is the function of Rmp protein?
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evasion----if antibodies bind to Rmp protein, they won't bind to the Por or the LOS. It's basically a decoy.
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Since the Por proteins allow Neisseria gonorroheae to survive in the phagolysosome, what happens at the infection?
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an accumulation of pus
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In which age group and species does Neisseria gonorroheae inhabit?
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humans, more common in women. The highest rate of attack is in the 15-24 age group.
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How is Neisseria gonorroheae spread?
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Through sexual contact or mother to child.
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Describe the symptoms of gonorrhea in men.
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Purulent discharge and dysuria are common. Other symptoms include: epididymitis, periurethral abscess, and prostatitis. Can also affect the anus.
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What percentage of men are symptomatic to gonorrhea versus women?
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90% of men have symptoms, whereas only 10-20% of women have symptoms.
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What is affected in women who have gonorrhea?
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the cervix, later pelvic inflammitory disease.
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What is gonococcemia?
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disseminated infection with septicemia. Most common in women.
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What are some of the clinical manifestations of gonococcemia?
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Fever, purulent arthritis, and pustular rash.
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What is purulent conjunctivis?
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disease contracted from gonococcemia. Usually a disease in neonates contracted from mother to child.
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What are some ways to treat Neisseria gonorroheae?
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Quinolones or 3rd generation cephalosporin. Newborns can be treated with antibiotics.
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Describe the structure of Neisseria Meningitidis.
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Identical to Neisseria gonorroheae except it has a capsule. (number of capsular serotypes)
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How does Neisseria meningitidis attach to other cells?
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Very similar to Neisseria gonorroheae, they adhere to non-ciliated cells of the nasopharynx.
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What are the major virulence factors of neisseria meningitidis?
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capsule, endotoxin.
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What is the occurence of disease of Neisseria Meningitidis dependent on?
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If host antibodies to the capsule are present, disease will not occur. However, antibodies to one capsular serotype do not prevent against another serotype. Infants are initally protected by their mothers.
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How does transmission of Neisseria Meningitidis occur?
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Although humans are already natural reservoirs, transmission occurs aerially via respiratory droplets.
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How is asymptomatic carriage or Niesseria Meningitidis possible?
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When people have immunity.
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What leads to epidemics?
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People with higher asymptomatic carriage rates of Niesseria Meningitidis.
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Describe the onset of meningitis.
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Onset of meningitis is usually very abrupt and requires rapid treatment.
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Describe meningococcemia.
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Can occur with or without meiningitis. begins abruptly, patechial skin legions coalesce to form hemorrhagic legions. Death can occur even with the appropriate antibiotics.
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Describe meningococcal pneumonia.
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Usually preceded by another respiratory tract infection. Prognosis is good.
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Describe the treatment of Neisseria meningitids.
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3rd generation cephalosporins.
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What can people at risk of developing Neisseria meningitidis be treated with?
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riamfin prophylactically.
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Why aren't vaccines used widely?
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Risk of infection is low.
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