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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two diseases caused by the Borrelia species?
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Relapsing fever and Louse disease.
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What are the two different types of Relapsing fever?
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Louse-borne and tick borne.
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Are borrelia gram negative or gram positive?
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Weakly staining gram negative spirochetes, neither
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What type of type of aerobes are the Borrelia species?
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Microaerophilic
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How long does it take to generate a Borrelia species?
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A long time, 8-18 hours.
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How is motility possible in the Borrelia species?
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7-20 periplasmic flagella
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What is the reservoir of Louse borne Relapsing fever?
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Humans
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What is the reservoir of Tick Borne Relapsing Fever?
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Ticks and Rodents
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What is the vector of Louse Borne Relapsing Fever?
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Human body Louse.
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What is the vector of Tick Borne Relapsing Fever?
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Ticks.
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Is Louse Borne Relapsing Fever Endemic or Epidemic?
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Epidemic
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Is Tick Borne Relapsing Fever Endemic or Epidemic?
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Endemic
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How do you treat Louse Borne Relapsing Fever and Tick Borne Relapsing Fever?
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Tetracycline or Macrolides. No vaccination available.
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What Borrelia Species causes Louse Borne Relapsing Fever?
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Borrelia Recurrentis
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What Borrelia species is the cause for lyme disease?
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B. burgdorferi
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How does B. burgdorferi evade the immune system?
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not expressing its surface proteins.
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Where does B. burgdorferi hide and survive for years?
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in joints, the nervous system, and skin.
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What is the leading vector borne disease in the US?
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Lyme disease.
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What are the reservoirs of B. burgdorferi in lyme disease?
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White footed mouse and white tailed deer.
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What is the vector of B. burgdorferi in lyme disease?
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ticks (deer tick and the western black legged tick)
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What stage of tick growth is responsible for 90% of lyme disease?
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nymph stage
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How is B. burgdorferi transmitted in the nymph stage?
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The nymph feeds on the white footed mouse instead of the deer; the tick then feeds on humans.
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What are the three stages of lyme disease?
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Early localized, early disseminated, late manifestation.
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What are the symptoms of the Early localized stage of lyme disease?
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erythema migrans at site, fever, muscle pain.
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Describe what is happening during the early disseminated stage of Lyme disease?
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Hematogenous spread of the infection.
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What are some symptoms of the early disseminated stage of Lyme disease?
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widespread lesions, cardiac dysfunction and neurologic abnormalities
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What are the symptoms of late stage Lyme disease?
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arthritis
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How do you treat Lyme disease?
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Penicillin, tetracycline. No vaccine available
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How is Leptospira motile?
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motile by two periplasmic flagella
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What kind of aerobes are the Leptospira?
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obligate aerobes
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How does Leptospira enter the body?
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through small cuts and abrasions
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What are the clinical symptoms of leptospira?
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Can be varied.
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Where is Leptospira located?
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Everywhere, but based in tropical regions.
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How is the Leptospira maintained in nature?
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spread by renal infections in animals, spread by urine in animals.
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Who are the main carriers of Leptospira?
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Rodents
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How does infection of Leptospira occur?
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exposure to contaminated water or soil, exposure to infected animals.
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What are some of the symptoms of Weil's disease, and what infection is it associated with?
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Associated with Leptospira, symptoms include: renal failure, liver failure, and vascular collapse.
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What is the mortality rate of Weil's disease?
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10-15%
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How do you treat Leptospira?
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Penicillin or tetracycline
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Is there a vaccine for Leptospira?
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Yes, but it is short lived and not widely used.
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Why is Leptospira difficult to eradicate?
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Due to the wild and domestic reservoir
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