Patho Renal And Uro

Front 1

3 types of acute renal failure Name them.

Back 1

Pre-renal, intra-renal, post-renal.

Front 2

3 phases in acute renal failure. Name them.

Back 2

Oliguric phase. Diuretic phase, recovery phase.

Front 3

Acute renal failure is the sudden interruption of renal function. It is potentially ______but if left untreated can lead to _____ _____ _______.

Back 3

reversible ,chronic renal failure

Front 4

name that type of renal failure.1)damage to the filtering structures of kidney. 2) Decrease in renal blood flow. 3) obstruction of urine outflow.

Back 4

1)intra 2) pre 3) post

Front 5

Acute renal failure (ARF) occurs rapidly over a period of ____ or _____ w/ reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GRF) and elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine and cystatin C levels. Usually associated with_______, although urine output may be normal or increased. Alteration is in _____or reabsorption. Most types of acute renal failure are reversible if dx and treated early. Can be classified as pre-renal, intra-renal or post-renal.

Back 5

Days, weeks ,oliguria, secretion

Front 6

these can cause which type of acute renal failure? Hypovolemia, hypotension, vasoconstriction, inadequate cardiac output.

Back 6

Pre-renal.

Front 7

Nephrotoxic, inflammatory or ischemic injury would cause what type of renal failure?

Back 7

Intra-renal

Front 8

Obstructions including bi-lateral, bladder, tumor, kidneys stones (calculi) would cause what type of renal failure?

Back 8

Post-renal.

Front 9

In post-renal failure, Bilateral obstruction could be be from bladder outlet obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy or bilateral ureteral obstruction. A pattern of several hours of _____with flank pain followed by ________is a characteristic finding. Can occur after dx cath of the ureters

Back 9

obstruction bilaterally, anuria , polyuria

Front 10

Oliguria phase begins within ___ day after a hypotensive events and lasts 1 to __weeks, but it may regress in several ____ or extend for several _____.

Back 10

1 day, 1-3 weeks, hours or extend weeks

Front 11

increased urine secretion would be characteristic of which phase in acute renal failure-oliguric, diuretic or recovery? Urine is dilute and causes what?

Back 11

Diuretic. Dehydration.

Front 12

High BUN levels are associated with both oliguric and diuretic phase but in which one is the ratio of BUN to creatinine decreased?

Back 12

Oliguric. Goes from norm of 20:1 to 10:1.

Front 13

Diuretic phase can last ____ or _____.

Back 13

days or weeks.

Front 14

eval and tx of acute renal failure focuses on dx the cause. Primary goal of therapy is to maintain the persons life until renal function can be restored via correcting_____&______, treating ______ maintaining nutrition, and remembering that drugs are not excreted.

Back 14

fluids and electrolytes, infections,

Front 15

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is progressive and _________, occurs over a period of months or ___, develops as a complication of systemic diseases such as hypertension or diabetes or complication of renal disease.

Back 15

irreversible, years

Front 16

name the 2 Stages of chronic renal failure

Back 16

1-Chronic renal insufficiency, 2-End stage renal failure

Front 17

Chronic renal insufficiency refers to a ____ in renal function, whereas end stage renal failure means that there is ____ % of renal function remaining and what is then required to sustain life?

Back 17

Decrease, 10%, dialysis or kidney transplant

Front 18

Define 1)oliguria 2)Azotemia 3) uremia 4) anuria.

Back 18

1) oliguria is reduced urine output. 2) azotemia is excess urea in blood. 3)uremia is a syndrome (which includes azotemia as one of the symptoms) characteristic of renal failure. 4) failure to secrete urine.

Front 19

Pathogenic process of chronic renal failure includes 1)glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration, and hyper____. 2) glomerulosclerosis 3) tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis.

Back 19

trophy

Front 20

Uremia symptoms include

Back 20

hypertension, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, wt. Loss, pruritus, edema, anemia, neurologic and skeletal changes.

Front 21

2 factors that advance renal disease are _____ and _______activity.

Back 21

Proteinuria and angiotension.

Front 22

Eval & tx of chronic renal failure is elevated ____ and ____, small ____ size.

Back 22

Urea, creatinine, small kidney size.

Front 23

Chronic renal failure treated with protein, potassium restrictions, monitoring sodium and fluids. End stage renal failure treated with what?

Back 23

dialysis, supportive therapy and renal transplant.