Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung?
|
lung cancer
|
|
|
at what age are most lunc CA's diagnosed?
|
btwn 50-70yrs
rarely found in ages <40yrs |
|
|
what is thought to be the most important cause of lung CA in both men and women?
|
Cigarette smoking
|
|
|
T or F
women are more susceptible to the carinogens in cigarettes than men |
True
|
|
|
in general what is the prognosis for lung CA?
|
poor prognosis
|
|
|
what are the 4 major histologic classifications of lung CA?
|
1. squamous cell
2. Adenocarcinoma 3. Large cell 4. Small cell |
|
|
Of the 4 histo classes of lung CA which ones are the non small cell type?
|
Squamous cell
andenocarcinoma large cell they all respond similarly to treatment |
|
|
the transformation of how many cells must occur for lung CA to begin to form?
|
it only takes one cell transformation
|
|
|
were can distant metastasis occur with lung CA?
|
brain, liver, bone and adrenal glands
|
|
|
large cell or small cell type CA responds to chemo and radiology?
|
small cell type
|
|
|
what is the sequence of events that take place when lung CA developes?
|
carcinogenic mucosal stimulation
cellular proliferation cell. hyperplasia cell. metaplasia cell. dysplasia atipical cell formation carcinoma in-situ invasive carcinoma |
|
|
is carsinoma in-situ treatable?
|
yes it is still treatable at this stage
|
|
|
non small cell lung CA is also known as ?
|
epidermoid Carcinoma
|
|
|
malignant tumors arise most commonly in response to what?
|
repetitive carcinogenic stimuli, inflammation or irritant
|
|
|
what part of the lung does non sm. cell lung CA(squamous cell carcinoma) affect?
|
originates in the bronchial lining within large or segmental bronci. its a central or perihilar tumor
|
|
|
what is a pancoast tumor?
|
superior sulcus tumor that causes weakness & pain in arm,edema, affects the eye and causes PEMA
|
|
|
what is PEMA?
|
Ptosis
Enophthalmos Miosis Anhydrosis which are all signs of horners syndrom |
|
|
what does the surronding lung parenchyma develope as a result of the CA?
|
pneumonitis resulting from airway obstruction by the tumor mass
|
|
|
what is the most common type of lung CA?
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
what is adenocarcinoma associated with?
|
muccous production
|
|
|
where is adenocarcinoma usually found in the lung?
|
in the periphery of the lung
|
|
|
which lung CA has slow growth but early MET's?
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
adenocarcinomas commonly involve vascular structures and metastasize to where?
|
CNS
|
|
|
what are a collection of poorly formed undifferentiated cells?
|
large cell carcinoma(LCC)
|
|
|
where are large cell carcinomas found in the lung?
|
centrally or peripherally in the lung
|
|
|
what are the 2 subtypes of large cell carcinomas?
|
clear and giant cells
|
|
|
which large cell carcinomas are associated with rapidly progressive course and poor survival? giant or clear cells
|
giant cell subtype
|
|
|
what is another name for small cell carcinoma?
|
oat cell carcinoma
|
|
|
what are the 4 subtypes of sm cell carcinoma?
|
oat-cell
intermediate mixed undifferentiated |
|
|
of the 4 subtypes for sm cell CA which is the worst?
|
oat-cell is the worst
|
|
|
Where is sm cell Carcinoma found?
|
it occurs in the central part of the lunc and grow & spreads very rapidly
|
|
|
T or F
any patient diagnosed with sm. cell carcinoma is said to have metastatic DZ? |
true
|
|
|
what is the onset of lung CA? insidious or acute?
|
its insidious
|
|
|
what R some diagnostic test for lung CA?
|
chest films
bronchoscopy biopsy PFT's CT scan Bone scan thoracentesis |
|
|
What are 3 things to look out for in lung CA?
|
location
rate of spread staging |
|
|
what stage is a tumor > or equal to 3cm w/o pleural or mainstem bronchus involvement?
T1/T2/T3 OR T4? |
T1
|
|
|
Tumor with involvement of chest wall,diaphragm, mediastinal pleura pericardium, mainstem bronchus<2cmfrom carina or entire lung atelectasis is at what stage T1/T2/T3 OR T4?
|
T3
|
|
|
what stage is a tumor>3cm or involvement of mainstem bronchus> or = to 2cm from carina, visceral, pleual or lobar atelectasis is it T1/T2/T3 OR T4?
|
T2
|
|
|
what stage is a tumor with invasion of mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina or with malignant pleural effusion T1/T2/T3 OR T4?
|
T4
|
|
|
what does staging is N0 mean?
|
no demonstrable mets to regional lymph nodes
|
|
|
what does stage N1 mean
|
ipsilateral hilar or peribronchial nodal involvement
|
|
|
what does stage N2 mean?
|
Mets to ipsilateral mediastastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes
|
|
|
what does N3 mean?
|
Mets to contralateral mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene or supraclavicular lymph nodes
|
|
|
in staging lung CA what does M0 mean?
|
No (known) distant Mets.
|
|
|
what does M1 mean
|
Distant Met's present.
|
|
|
what is stage 1 lung CA?
what TNM are involved? |
stage 1 = T1-2 N0 M0
|
|
|
what is stage 2 lung CA?
what TNM are involved? |
stage 2 = T1-2 N1 M0
|
|
|
what is stage 3a lung CA?
what TNM are involved? |
stage 3a = T1-3 N2 M0
|
|
|
what is stage 3b lung CA?
what TNM are involved? |
stage 3b = any T N3 M0
|
|
|
what is stage 4 lung CA?
what TNM are involved? |
stage 4 = any T any N M1
|
|
|
treatment for Lung Ca.
|
if early surgical resection otherwise palliative. Lung Ca has a very poor prognosis.
|
|
|
what is a tumor composed of blood vessels & perivascular tissue cells?
|
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)
|
|
|
Kaposi's is a complication of what DZ?
|
AIDS
|
|
|
T or F
Kaposi's Sarcoma is a common form of CA? |
False it's relatively rare.
|
|
|
who does Kaposi's usually affect?
|
older men originating from eastern europe or mediterranean area
|
|
|
what causes Kaposi's ?
|
unknown but its sugested that human herpes virus 8 is involved
|
|
|
what type of organ transplant is Kaposi's associated with?
|
Kidney Transplants receiving immunosuppresive drugs
|
|
|
what is a risk factor for Kaposi's
|
being a middle aged black male living in equitoria africa.
|
|
|
what are the 4 forms of Kaposi's
|
classic
epidemic iatrogenic aids assoc virus |
|
|
how does classic Kaposi's present?
|
malignan skin lesions commence as purplish macules on face skalp and mucosa or lower extremeties
|
|
|
are the lesions in Kaposi's pruritic or painful?
|
initially they are not but will become both pruritic and painful.
|
|
|
are visceral organs involved in Kaposi's ?
|
no they are rarely involved
|
|
|
what is the epidemic manifestatin of Kaposi's
|
same as classic but found in children and younger men in equitoria Africa
|
|
|
Who gets iatrogenic Kaposi's?
|
organ transplant recipients
|
|
|
aids assoc Kaposi's lesions tend to disseminate widely early or late in the course of the DZ?
|
early
|
|
|
what type of meds does aids assoc Kaposi's respond well to?
|
Cytotoxic chemotherapy and alpha-interferon.
|
|
|
what do Aids assoc. Kaposi's patients subsequently develope?
|
a second malignancy usually lymphoma, leukemia or myeloma
|
|
|
how do you diagnose Kaposi's
|
skin biopsy
|
|
|
Treatment for Kaposi's
|
excision of lesions
combo therapy with alpha-interferon,radiation and cytotoxic chemo |
